ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM AND INSTITUTIONS

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ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM AND INSTITUTIONS

With the establishment of the Delhi sultanate, a new ruling class emerged in India. This new class introduced a new administrative system. Some new institutions were also introduced. After the coming of the Mughals, some of these underwent changes and a few new ones got introduced. A few of the administrative institutions had their roots in Arab and Central Asia, from where the new ruling group came. While some others were of Indian origin. A significant feature of these was that many of these got transformed and, in due course of time, developed as suitable to the Indian context.

The new administrative system and institutions contributed to the consolidation of the Sultanate and Mughal empire. It would not be possible for us to discuss all aspects of administration over a period of 500 years in a small lesson. However, we will try to provide the basic features, continuity and changes in the administrative structure and some important institutions.

The ruling class kept changing during this period. These institutions were used by various rulers for other purposes also. The rulers from time to time included people from various social classes in the administrative apparatus in order to have social harmony. It was natural on the part of these social classes to stake a claim in the system of governance, and various rulers readily accommodated them in this system. In this sense, these institutions also emerged as a tool to contain any kind of social conflict in the society, though there were various other measures also that were used by the rulers for this purpose.

OBJECTIVES

After studying this lesson, you will be able to:

know about the nature and composition of Sultanate and Mughal ruling class;

understand the administrative structure of the Delhi Sultanate;

recall the main administrative departments of the Sultanate period;

describe the provincial and local administration under the Sultans;

discuss the main features of the iqta system;

analyse the market control policy of Alauddin Khalji;

know about the central and provincial administration of the Mughals;

discuss main features of jagir system;

trace the evolution of Mansabdari system and understand administrative structure under the Marathas.

12.1 EVOLUTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE UNDER DELHI SULTANATE

12.2 ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

(i) The Sultan

(i) Nobility

(ii) Ulema

In-text questions 12.1

12.3 Central administration

One. Wizarat

One. Diwan-i-Arz

(iii) Diwan-i-Insha

(iv) Diwan-i-Rasalat

(v) Other Departments

IN-TEXT QUESTIONS 12.2

12.4 Provincial Administration and Iqta System

12.5 Iqta System

12.6 Local Administration

Intext Questions 12.3

12.7 Market Reforms of Alauddin Khalji

In-text questions 12.4

12.8 Administrative Structure Under the Mughals

12.8.1 Central Administration

(ii) Wakil and Wazir

(iii) Diwan-i-Kul

(iv) Mir Bakshi

(v) Sadr-us Sudur

(vi) Mir Saman

12.8.2 Provincial Administration

12.8.3 LOCAL ADMINISTRATION

INTEXT QUESTIONS 12.5

12.11 MUGHAL ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTIONS

(two) Jagir System

In-text questions 12.6

12.10 Administrative Structure Under the Marathas

(i) Central Administration

(i) Provincial and Local Administration

In-text questions 12.7

What you have learnt

Terminal questions

Answers to in-text questions

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7 Hints to terminal questions

Glossary

Overview

The document outlines the administrative structures established under the Delhi Sultanate and later modified during the Mughal era, emphasizing the integration of diverse social classes within the governing framework. It provides a comprehensive overview of the key features, continuity, and changes in these systems over centuries.

Key Points

1The Delhi Sultanate introduced new administrative institutions influenced by Arab and Central Asian practices
2The administrative system and institutions evolved to suit the Indian context and facilitated social harmony
3Various social classes were included in governance to mitigate social conflict
4The power dynamics between the Sultan and the nobility shaped the effectiveness of administration
5Major administrative departments played distinct roles in governance and financial management.

Details

Category: Government and Policy

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