CENGR 2220: Geology for Civil Engineers - Structural Geology and Rock Mechanics

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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND ROCK MECHANICS

LESSON ONE. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

The study of factors such as origin, occurrence, classification, type, and effects of various secondary structures like folds, faults, joints, and rock cleavage is different from that of primary structures such as bedding and vesicular structure, which develop in rocks at the time of their formation.

ATTITUDE OF BEDS

STRIKE AND DIP

Dip Categories by Angle

TYPES OF DIP

OUTCROPS

EXAMPLES OF OUTCROP

HOW ARE OUTCROPS FORMED?

THREE LEVELS OF OUTCROP CONFIDENCE

GEOLOGICAL MAPS

WHAT ARE GEOLOGICAL MAPS AND WHAT ARE THEY USED FOR?

PARTS OF A GEOLOGICAL MAP

COMMON GEOLOGIC MAP SYMBOLS

Different Types of Geological Maps

LESSON TWO. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

Engineering Considerations involved in Dealing with Folded Rocks

FAULTS: GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES FORMED BY BRITTLE DEFORMATION

DIP-SLIP AND STRIKE-SLIP

Engineering Considerations Involved in Dealing with the Faulted Rocks

FOLDS, FAULTS, AND UNCONFORMITIES ON GEOLOGICAL MAPS AND CROSS-SECTIONS

JOINTS

Genetic Classification

Geometric Classification

Engineering Considerations Involved in Dealing with Jointed Rocks

LESSON THREE. INTRODUCTION TO ROCK MECHANICS

KEY CONCEPTS IN ROCK MECHANICS

STRESS

Types of stress:

STRAIN

Types of strain:

Two. Rock Properties

Three. Failure Criteria

Four. Rock Mass Behavior

TYPES OF ROCK MECHANICS STUDIES

APPLICATIONS OF ROCK MECHANICS

Four. Geological Engineering

LESSON Four. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS

One. POROSITY (plus)

Types of Porosity:

Implications:

Two. DENSITY

THREE TYPES OF DENSITY

APPLICATIONS OF DENSITY

Three. PERMEABILITY

Factors Affecting Permeability

Two. Grain Size

Three. Sorting

Four. Fractures and Joints

Five. Fluid Properties

Applications of Permeability

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS

One. STRENGTH

(a). Compressive Strength

(b). Tensile Strength

(c). Shear Strength

APPLICATION OF STRENGTH

Two. HARDNESS

APPLICATIONS OF HARDNESS

Three. ELASTICITY

APPLICATIONS OF ELASTICITY

Four. PLASTICITY

APPLICATIONS OF PLASTICITY

LESSON Five. DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ROCKS

Examples of Dynamic Forces

DYNAMIC VS. STATIC LOADING

DYNAMIC PROPERTIES

Rock Examples

INTERPRETATION

Two. Dynamic Strength

The ability of rocks to absorb and dissipate vibration energy.

Example

Four. Resonance Frequency

FACTORS INFLUENCING DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR

Two. Confining Pressure

Three. Temperature

Four. Moisture Content

Five. Loading Rate

APPLICATIONS

Example

Two. Rock Blasting and Fragmentation

Three. Petroleum Exploration

Four. Civil Engineering

PURPOSE

QUICK MEMORIZATION Dynamic Forces (BIMEE)

Dynamic Properties (SEND)

Natural Frequency (Resonance Frequency)

Factors Affecting Dynamic Behavior (CoLoRoTeMo)

Applications (SPRC)

TYPE OF WAVE THEORY

One. Body Waves

Two. Surface Waves

FACTORS AFFECTING WAVE VELOCITY

Lesson six. Grouting

Types of grouting

Groutability

Grouting Materials and Techniques:

Applications of Grouting:

Conclusion

Overview

The document provides an overview of key principles in structural geology relevant to civil engineering, detailing the characteristics of various geological structures, how they are measured, and their implications for engineering practices. It emphasizes the importance of geological maps in resource exploration and land-use planning.

Key Points

1Covers the fundamentals of structural geology relevant to civil engineering
2Explains how to identify and measure geological features such as strike and dip
3Discusses the formation and significance of outcrops in geology
4Describes the use of geological maps in resource exploration and environmental management
5Highlights the engineering considerations necessary when dealing with folded rocks and geological hazards.

Details

Authors: Atacador, Austriaco, Damian, Lamug, Medina, Reyes, Roxas, Simplina, Taberdo, Tenorio, Villasenor
Category: Technology and Engineering

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