Characteristics of Cells in Microanatomy and Embryology

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Chapter 1

At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to:

Describe the

MICROANATOMY and EMBRYOLOGY: L E one | TRANS zero five CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLS Dr. Mangila | July thirty-one, twenty twenty-six

LARGE SIZED CELL

· Betz cells or Large-sized pyramidal cells

Located in the cerebrum

LARGEST CELL (EGG CELL)

· Largest cell in the body

CELL SHAPE

Most variable characteristic

· Squamous

· Spherical

· Biconcave disc

· Elongated or Cylindrical:

· Stellate (star shaped)

· Goblet shaped

· Polygonal or Polyhedral

SQUAMOUS

· Example:

· Endothelium

· Lines the lumen of a blood vessel

· Stratum Corneum

· Uppermost layer of the epidermis

· Ciliated columnar cells of the trachea (respiratory tract)

· Enterocytes in the lining epithelium of small intestine

· Leukocytes (WBC)

· Egg cell (ovum)

COLUMNAR

SPHERICAL

BICONCAVE DISC

· Erythrocytes (mature RBCs)

· To enable cells to pass through tiny caliber vessels

CYLINDRICAL WITH BLUNT ENDS

Elongated or cylindrical with blunt ends

· Example:

· Skeletal muscle cells (skeletal myocytes)

CYLINDRICAL WITH BRANCHING ENDS

Elongated or Cylindrical with branching ends

· Example:

· Heart muscle cells (cardiac myocytes)

CYLINDRICAL WITH TAPERED ENDS

Elongated or Cylindrical with tapered ends

· Smooth muscle cells on the walls of the G I T, Genitourinary tract

STELLATE

· Star shaped Example:

· Neurons (nerve cells)

· One or two nuclei

· Nucleus is situated in the middle which makes a fish-eye appearance

GOBLET SHAPED

· Or Cup shaped

· Goblet cells

· Secrete mucous

· Respiratory tract

· Trap dust particles or foreign bodies

· Digestive tract

· Lubricates the surface of small intestine

IRREGULAR SHAPED

Thrombocytes or Platelets

· Are actually fragments of Megakaryocytes

MONONUCLEATED

One Nucleus per cell

· Cuboidal cells

· Columnar cells

· Hepatocytes (not all are)

· Smooth muscle cells

· WBCs (lymphocytes)

BINUCLEATED

Two nuclei per cell

· Examples:

· Liver cells (hepatocytes)

· Purkinje fibers (Specialized Heart muscle cells)

MULTINUCLEATED

· Several nuclei per cell

· Example:

· Skeletal muscle cells

LOCATION OF NUCLEUS

· Peripheral

CENTRAL

· Nucleus is found in the center of the cell

· Smooth muscle cells

· Cardiac muscle cells

· Cuboidal cells

PERIPHERAL

· Nucleus is found in the peripheral of the cell

· Example Adipose tissue (adipocytes), skeletal muscle cells

ARRANGEMENT OF CELLS

· Singly and in isogenous group: dyads (twos or pars), triads (threes), tetrads (fours)

· Concentric

· Bundles or fascicles

· Haphazard or in random or no definite pattern

SINGLY AND ISOGENOUS GROUPS

CONCENTRIC

· Osteocytes of Compact bone (hard bone)

· Parenchyma; most mature

· Cells are arranged around a central canal to avail some of its nutritive supply

CORDS, COLUMNS, OR ROWS

· Liver cells (Hepatocytes) anastomosing

· Sinusoids are the spaces between cells and acting as capillaries

LAYER OR SHEET

· Cells appear one on top of the other layer

· Cells moved up to replace lost cells on the uppermost layer

· Example Epidermis of the skin, Stratified epithelium, Smooth muscle cells (tapered)

BUNDLES OR FASCICLES

· Striated muscles

· Skeletal muscle

· Cardiac muscle

Epimysium

Endomysium

Muscle cell

Overview

The lecture outline discusses fundamental characteristics of cells, detailing their size, shape, and structural arrangement. It covers various types of cells and their specific features critical for understanding in microanatomy and embryology.

Key Points

1The document outlines different cell sizes, including small, medium, and large-sized cells
2It categorizes cell shapes such as squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and spherical
3The arrangement of cells can be singular, concentric, or in bundles
4Different types of cells may have varying numbers of nuclei, including anucleated, mononucleated, binucleated, and multinucleated
5Understanding cell characteristics is crucial for microanatomy and embryology studies.

Details

Authors: Carrasco, Ramirez, Baladya, Banag, Petilos, Yusoph
Category: Biology and Natural Sciences

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