Civil Procedure: General Principles and Jurisdiction

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CIVIL PROCEDURE

One. General Principles a. Distinguish: Substantive law versus Remedial/Adjective law b. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court i. The Supreme Court has the sole prerogative to amend, repeal, or establish new rules.

ii. The NLRC has its own Rules of Procedure. Should its Rules be approved by the SC before they take effect? No. Rules of procedure of special courts and quasi-judicial bodies shall remain effective unless disapproved by the Supreme Court.

iii. Only the Supreme Court has the power to suspend or relax technical or procedural rules.

iv. The CA, RTC, and other courts cannot suspend or relax procedural rules.

c. Basics of Jurisdiction

i. Classification of Jurisdiction

One. Original versus Appellate - The case was originally filed versus Power to review the decision of a lower court

Two. General versus Special - The RTC versus Every other court

Three. Exclusive versus Concurrent - Only one court has jurisdiction versus Multiple courts a. NOTE: You just have to be familiar with these terms, so you can determine, based on the problem, which court has jurisdiction over the case.

Four. Example:

Six. Distinguish doctrine of non-interference and doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction.

v. Doctrine of Residual Jurisdiction -

vi. Primary Administrative Jurisdiction and Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies

Two. Aspects of Jurisdiction

Three. Why is lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter a NON-WAIVEABLE DEFENSE?

Four. Why can the court dismiss the case MOTU PROPRIO?

Five. Why can the defendant raise this defense at ANY STAGE?

JURISDICTION

One. SUPREME COURT

Two. COURT OF APPEALS

Three. SECOND-LEVEL COURTS, RTC

four. FIRST-LEVEL COURTS (M T C, M T C C, Me T C, M C T C)

five. CRIMINAL CASES

six. Rules on Expedited Procedures in the First Level Courts (A.M. No. zero eight dash eight dash seven dash S C, as amended, March one, two thousand twenty-two)

seven. IMPORTANT NOTES:

V. Action involving a demand or claim; Exclusive of interest, damages, attorney's fees, litigation expenses and costs

vi. Action involving a demand or claim; Totality rule

vii. Now that we've finished jurisdiction under B.P. one hundred twenty-nine, we will correlate this with venue, and summons.

One. PERSONAL ACTIONS AND REAL ACTIONS

Two. VENUE OF REAL ACTIONS

Three. VENUE OF PERSONAL ACTIONS

i. Definition of residence

Four. VENUE OF ACTIONS AGAINST NON-RESIDENTS WHO CAN BE FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES (REAL AND PERSONAL ACTIONS)

Five. VENUE OF ACTIONS AGAINST NON-RESIDENTS WHO CANNOT BE FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES (REAL AND PERSONAL ACTIONS)

Six. WHEN THE RULES ON VENUE DO NOT APPLY

Action in Personam, Action in Rem, and Action Quasi in Rem

One. Jurisdiction - B.P. one hundred twenty-nine

Two. Venue - Rule four

Three. Summons - Rule fourteen

How do we avoid confusion?

EXAMPLES!

Inherent Powers of the Court And The Means to Carry Out Jurisdiction Into Effect

Two. Means to carry jurisdiction into effect

BARANGAY CONCILIATION PROCEEDINGS

Four. BARANGAY CONCILIATION PROCEEDINGS

c. Effect of Amicable Settlement

RULE ONE - GENERAL PROVISIONS

Two. One cause of action may give rise to SEVERAL RELIEFS.

Three. One cause of action may give rise to ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES.

Four. When is a remedy deemed chosen?

Four. Contracts with numerous stipulations

One. EXAMPLES:

Two. Examples:

Two. Example:

Two. Doctrine of anticipatory breach

Three. Examples:

Five. When must the cause of action exist?

Six. How to determine the existence of a cause of action

Two. Exception:

Seven. FAILURE TO STATE CAUSE OF ACTION V. LACK OF CAUSE OF ACTION

Four. Examples:

Eight. SPLITTING OF A SINGLE CAUSE OF ACTION

Three. LITIS PENDENTIA

Two. EXAMPLE:

Three. EXAMPLES:

Four. RES JUDICATA

Four. "Former judgment must be final"

Five. "Judgment must be on the merits"

Six. "Jurisdiction over the subject matter, of person of the defendant, and due process purposes"

Nine. JOINDER OF CAUSES OF ACTION

Three. Permissive joinder of parties

Four. "Special civil actions/governed by special rules"

Five. "Different venue or jurisdiction; joinder in the RTC"

Six. "Totality rule in Rule Two and in BP One hundred twenty-nine"

Ten. MISJOINDER AND NON-JOINDER OF CAUSES OF ACTION

Rule Three - Parties to a Civil Action

Two. Effect when a party impleaded is not authorized to be a party

Three. Real parties in interest

Four. Representatives as parties

Five. Minor or incompetent person as party

Six. Indispensable parties

ii. Nature of interest

iii. Examples:

Two. What then is a joint debtor?

Four. What then is a solidary debtor?

Six. Why is Mr. C an indispensable party?

Eight. Why is Mr. B not an indispensable party?

Seven. Necessary parties

Eight. EFFECT OF NON-JOINDER OF INDISPENSABLE PARTIES

After Judgment:

Nine. EFFECT OF NON-JOINDER OF NECESSARY PARTIES

Ten. Non-joinder of an indispensable party versus non-joinder of a necessary party

Eleven. Examples:

Twelve. CLASS SUIT

Five. Examples of existence of "common or general interest"

Six. Examples of non-existence of "common or general interest"

Seven. Is a derivative suit a class suit?

Eight. Differentiate class suit and representative suit

Nine. Differentiate class suit and joinder of parties

Thirteen. Suits against entities without juridical personality

Two. Example:

Fourteen. Transfer of Interest

Five. Who files the "motion"?

Two. Example:

Fifteen. Effect of death of party litigant

Four. What if he informed the court?

Sixteen. Indigent Parties

Two. No condition for exemption to apply.

Four. Consequence if party not actually indigent:

Sixteen. Indigent Litigants

b. There is a condition for exemption.

c. Exemptions from legal fees.

Seventeen. Summary of rules for indigent litigants

Nineteen. Actions for recover of money arising from contractual obligations

Twenty. Distinguish Section twenty, Rule three, Section one, Rule eighty-six, and Section seven, Rule thirty-nine

b. EXAMPLES:

RULE SIX - KINDS OF PLEADINGS

One. Kinds of pleadings and when they should be filed

Two. Payment of docket fees and acquisition of jurisdiction

Four. EXAMPLES:

Overview

This material provides detailed insights into the fundamental aspects of civil procedure, including jurisdiction types and doctrines crucial for legal practice. It serves as a study guide for law students or legal practitioners seeking to reinforce their understanding of civil law principles.

Key Points

1Distinguishes between substantive law and remedial law
2Examines the Supreme Court's exclusive rule-making power
3Describes the classification of jurisdiction into original, appellate, general, and special
4Outlines the doctrine of hierarchy of courts and its exceptions
5Discusses the continuity of jurisdiction and the implications for ongoing litigation

Details

Authors: Atty. Anselmo
Category: Law and Legal Studies

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