Decline of the Harappan Civilization: Theories and Evidence

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Contents

UNIT Seven HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION-Three

UNIT Seven HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION-Three

Seven point zero OBJECTIVES

After reading this unit, you will learn about:

· the problems faced by scholars in understanding the decline of Harappan civilization;

· the theories put forward for the decline of Harappan civilization;

· why over the years, the scholars have stopped looking for the causes of decline; and

· the evidence of the survival and continuities of the Harappan civilization.

Seven point one INTRODUCTION

Seven point one INTRODUCTION

In the previous units we have discussed the various aspects of the origin and growth of Harappan civilization. However, the disappearance of the various aspects of its maturity i.e. writing, town planning, uniformity, etc. in the subsequent phase is rather puzzling. In this Unit we will examine the various arguments put forward to solve this mystery.

Seven point two DECLINE OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Seven point three THEORIES OF SUDDEN DECLINE

Seven point three point one Floods and Earthquakes

Raikes's Hypothesis

Seven point three point two. The Shifting Away of the Indus

Seven point three point three. Increased Aridity and Drying Up of the Ghaggar

Seven point three point four. Barbarian Invasions

Seven point four. Ecological Imbalance

Seven point five. The tradition survives

Sindh

The Indo-Iranian Borderlands

Harappan Civilization-Three

Kutch and Saurashtra

Seven point six TRANSMISSION OF THE HARAPPAN TRADITION

Seven point seven WHAT SURVIVES FROM THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION?

Harappan Civilization-Three

Check Your Progress Exercise Two

Seven point eight SUMMARY

Seven point nine KEY WORDS

Check Your Progress Exercise One

Check Your Progress Exercise Two

Harappan Civilization-Three

Overview

The document analyzes the decline of the Harappan civilization through archaeological evidence and scholarly theories, including environmental changes and invasions. It highlights the complexities surrounding the civilization's fall and the challenges faced by researchers in identifying its causes.

Key Points

1The Harappan civilization underwent gradual urban decline and abandonment of major cities
2Various theories for the civilization's decline include floods, river changes, and invasions
3Evidence suggests significant ecological changes contributed to the collapse
4Archaeological findings indicate a shift in settlement patterns and population movement
5The exact timeline and reasons for the decline remain subjects of scholarly debate

Details

Category: Humanities

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Decline of the Harappan Civilization: Theories and Evidence

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