DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD

Chapter Four Animal Kingdom

DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD

Biology is the science of life forms and living processes. The living world comprises an amazing diversity of living organisms. Early man could easily perceive the difference between inanimate matter and living organisms. Early man deified some of the inanimate matter (wind, sea, fire, etc.) and some among the animals and plants. A common feature of all such forms of inanimate and animate objects was the sense of awe or fear that they evoked. The description of living organisms including human beings began much later in human history. Societies which indulged in anthropocentric view of biology could register limited progress in biological knowledge. Systematic and monumental description of life forms brought in, out of necessity, detailed systems of identification, nomenclature, and classification. The biggest spin off of such studies was the recognition of the sharing of similarities among living organisms both horizontally and vertically. That all present day living organisms are related to each other and also to all organisms that ever lived on this earth, was a revelation which humbled man and led to cultural movements for conservation of biodiversity. In the following chapters of this unit, you will get a description, including classification, of animals and plants from a taxonomist's perspective.

Ernst Mayr

Born on five July nineteen oh four, in Kempten, Germany, Ernst Mayr, the Harvard University evolutionary biologist who has been called 'The Darwin of the twentieth century', was one of the one hundred greatest scientists of all time. Mayr joined Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences in nineteen fifty-three and retired in nineteen seventy-five, assuming the title Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Emeritus. Throughout his nearly eighty-year career, his research spanned ornithology, taxonomy, zoogeography, evolution, systematics, and the history and philosophy of biology. He almost single-handedly made the origin of species diversity the central question of evolutionary biology that it is today. He also pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species. Mayr was awarded the three prizes widely regarded as the triple crown of biology: the Balzan Prize in nineteen eighty-three, the International Prize for Biology in nineteen ninety-four, and the Crafoord Prize in nineteen ninety-nine. Mayr died at the age of one hundred in the year two thousand four.

One point one. Diversity in the Living World

One point two. Taxonomic Categories