CATIONS
CATIONS
Corp-one: P B two plus and A a plus
Reagent reacts with H C L
Form insoluble salts P B I G and A G C L, white precipitate.
P B C L Y, however, is slightly soluble in water and therefore lead is never completely precipitated by adding dilute H C L to a sample.
Lead readily dissolves in moderately concentrated H N O three.
P B plus H N O two reacts to form P B two plus N O two plus N O T plus H two O.
The colorless N O gas, when mixed with air, is oxidized to reddish-brown N O two.
N O plus O g reacts to form N O two, colorless to reddish-brown.
One) With concentrated H N O three, a protective film of P B (N O three) is formed on the surface of the metal and prevents further dissolution.
Reaction of P B two plus ions: Salt reacts to form P B (N O three) or P B (C H three C O O); dilute H C L or soluble chloride like N A C L or K C L.
P B plus two C e reacts to form P B C L two, white precipitate.
The precipitate is soluble in hot water but separates again in long, needle-like crystals when cooling.
It is also soluble in concentrated H C L or concentrated K C L.
If the test is carried out in the presence of larger amounts of chloride (saturated K C L) initially a red precipitate.
If we test is carried out in the presence of large amounts of chloride (saturated K C L) initially a red precipitate of lead sulphochloride is formed when introducing H g S gas. P B two plus plus M g S plus C l reacts to form P B two S C l five, red.
This however decomposes on dilution or on further addition of H two S and a black precipitate of P B S is formed.
P B two S C l five reacts to form P B S plus P B C l.
P B two S C l five plus H two S reacts to form P B S plus C plus plus.
Four) Lead Sulphide decomposes when concentrated H N O three is added and white finely divided elemental S is precipitated.
P B S plus H N O three reacts to form P B two plus N O two plus S U plus N O one plus H three O.
If the mixture is boiled, sulphur is oxidized by nitric acid to Sulphate which immediately forms white P B S O four.
P B two plus plus S O four reacts to form P B S O four, white.
Four) On boiling P B S with H two O two, the black precipitate turns white.
P B S plus H g O g reacts to form P B S O U V plus H two O, black.
Ammonia sol.
Two plus.
P B two plus plus N H three plus H two O reacts to form P B (O H) plus N H four plus.
P B two plus plus two O H reacts to form P B (O H) two, white.
P B S O four is soluble in more concentrated sol of N H four C H three C O O as ammonium tartarate in the presence of N H three, where tetra aceto plumbate one and ditetra tartato plumbate one ions are formed.
P B S O four plus C H three C O O reacts to form [P B (C H three C O O) two] two minus plus S O four two minus.
P B S O four plus C u H four O two reacts to form [P B (C four H four O two) ] plus S O four two minus.
The stabilities of these complexes are not very great; chromate ions, for example, can precipitate P B C S O four (yellow) from their sol.
When boiled with N a two C O three, the P B S O four is transformed into P B C O three in a precipitate exchange reaction.
P B S O four plus C O three reacts to form P B C O three plus S O four two minus.
White.
On washing the precipitate by decantation with hot water, sulphate ions can be removed and the precipitate will dissolve in H N O three.
P B C O three plus H plus reacts to form P B two plus plus H two O plus C O two one.
On neutral, acetic acid as ammonium sol.
P B two plus plus C O two minus reacts to form P B C H O four, yellow precipitate.
Nitric acid or N a O H dissolve the precipitate.
P B C R O four plus H plus reacts to form P B two plus plus C s g Of plus H two O.
Pb CRO4 V + H+ -> Pb2+ + Csg Of + H2O
P B C R O four plus O H reacts to form [P B (O H) ] plus C O two minus.
Potassium iodide.
P B two plus plus two I minus reacts to form P B I two, white.
Yellow.
An excess of a more concentrated sol of the reagent dissolves the precipitate. P B I two plus two equals [P B four] two minus.
P B three plus H P O four equals P B three (P O four) one plus H T, white.
The reaction is reversible, strong acids (H N O three) dissolve the precipitate. The precipitate is also soluble in N a O H.
Brick-red complex salt in neutral, ammonical, alkaline or alkalicyanide sol.
Brick-red complex salt in neutral, ammonical, alkaline or alkalicyanide sol.
SILVER:
SILVER:
With concentrated H C L, precipitate does not occur.
With concentrated H C L, precipitate does not occur. A g C l precipitate can be dissolved in concentrated H C L.
A g (s) plus C e three equals [A g C l].
Dilute ammonia sol dissolves the precipitate to form the diammine argentate complex ion.
A g C l plus N H three reacts to form [A g (N H three) ] plus C C two. Dilute H N O three or H C L neutralizes the excess ammonia and the precipitate reappears.
Four.
Four) K C N dissolves the precipitate with formation of complex.
A g C l plus C N reacts to form [A g (C N) three] plus C e.
Sodium thiosulphate dissolves the precipitate with the formation of a dithiosulphato argentate complex.
Four.
A g C l plus S two O three reacts to form [A g (S two O three) ] three minus plus C t two minus.
This reaction takes place when fixing photographic prints after development.
Sunlight or U V irradiation decomposes the A g C l precipitate, which turns to greyish or black owing to formation of silver metal. A g C l five H v, A g plus plus C l three one.
H two S (gas or saturated A g sol).
A g plus plus H g S reacts to form A g five S V plus H plus, black.
Hot concentrated H N O three decomposes the A g five.
A g, S plus H N O two reacts to form S V plus N O T plus A plus N O three plus H two O, white.
A well-washed suspension of the precipitate shows a slight alkaline reaction owing to the hydrolysis equation.
A g two O one plus H two O reacts to form A g (O H) equals A g plus O H.
The precipitate is insoluble in excess reagent. The precipitate dissolves in N H three and H N O three.
A g C S O two plus N H three reacts to form [A g (N H three) ] plus C S O two minus.
The acidified sol turns to orange because of C r g zero seven.
N H three-N H two H two S O four when added to a sol of A g (N H three) ions forms finely divided silver missos, while gaseous N two is evolved.
[A g (N H three) ] plus H three N-N H g. H g S O U reacts to form A g V plus N two.
Silver mirror test.
A) S n C l two. Two H two O is a reducing agent.
B) S n O two reacts with K O H to form K two [S n (O H) six].
C) A solution of P B C l two in H C L contains P B two plus and C l ions.
C) [P B C l four] two minus. D) [P B C l six] two minus.
S two O three two minus A g plus.
A) [A g (S two O three) two] three minus, A g two S two O three, A g two S.
C) [A g (S O three) two] three minus, A g two S two O three, A g two S.