HGPE TERMINOLOGY - UPDATED
HGPE TERMINOLOGY - UPDATED
One. A gate is inclined at forty-five degrees to the horizontal and submerged in water. The center of pressure lies
A. Below the centroid
B. At the centroid
C. Above the centroid
D. At the conoid
Answer: A. Below the centroid
Two. If the depth below a liquid surface is doubled, the hydrostatic pressure will
A. Double
B. Become zero
C. Stay the same
D. Halve
Answer: A. Double
Three. A balloon filled with hot air has lower density than ambient air. Why does it rise?
A. Due to buoyancy
B. Because of surface tension
C. Because it has a higher pressure
D. Due to gravity pulling harder on cold air
Answer: A. Due to buoyancy
Four. What quantity is conserved in ideal hydrodynamic flow?
A. Mass
B. Temperature
C. Pressure
D. Viscosity
Answer: A. Mass
Five. Which are classifications of flow in fluid mechanics?
A. Gravity, Pumped, Pressurized
B. Transitional, Steady, Chaotic
C. Laminar, Turbulent, Uniform
D. Steady, Unsteady, Natural
Answer: C. Laminar, Turbulent, Uniform
Six. The specific weight of water is one thousand kilograms per cubic meter. To use this value the water must be
A. At four degrees Celsius temperature
B. At all of the given conditions
C. At mean sea level
D. At normal pressure of seven hundred fifty millimeters
Answer: A. At four degrees Celsius temperature
Seven. The property of a fluid which offers resistance to the movement of one layer of fluid over an adjacent layer is called
A. Viscosity
B. Surface tension
C. Adhesion
D. Cohesion
Answer: A. Viscosity
Eight. The pressure measured above absolute zero of pressure is called
A. Gage pressure
B. Atmospheric pressure
C. Absolute pressure
D. Vacuum pressure
Answer: C. Absolute pressure
Nine. The rise or fall of a liquid surface in a small-diameter tube inserted into the liquid is known as
A. Buoyancy
B. Capillarity
C. Compressibility
D. Turbulence
Answer: B. Capillarity
Ten. Flow in a pipe is considered laminar when the Reynolds number is
A. Greater than four thousand
B. Between two thousand and four thousand
C. Equal to zero
D. Less than two thousand
Answer: D. Less than two thousand
Eleven. The maximum dry unit density up to which any soil can be compacted depends upon
A. Both moisture content and amount of compaction energy
B. Amount of compaction energy only
C. Moisture content only
D. None of the given choices
Answer: A. Both moisture content and amount of compaction energy
Twelve. The neutral stress in a soil mass is
A. Stress taken up by the pore water
B. Stress taken up by the soil particles
C. Force per effective area
D. Force per neutral area
Answer: A. Stress taken up by the pore water
Thirteen. Among the methods for determining the shear strength of soils, which test may NOT accurately represent field conditions?
A. Triaxial tests
B. Standard penetration test (SPT)
C. Unconfined compression tests
D. Direct shear tests
Answer: B. Standard penetration test (SPT)
Fourteen. What laboratory test is commonly used to determine both cohesion and angle of internal friction?
A. Permeability test
B. Unconfined compression test
C. Compaction test
D. Direct shear test
Answer: D. Direct shear test
Fifteen. Which test measures the shear strength of a soil sample under various confining pressure?
A. Standard penetration test (SPT)
B. Unconfined compression test
C. Triaxial tests
D. Direct shear tests
Answer: C. Triaxial tests
Sixteen. What causes the landslide during continuous rainfall?
A. Cohesion
B. Increase in pore water pressure
C. Decrease in permeability
D. Capillary rise
Answer: B. Increase in pore water pressure
Seventeen. Which test is commonly used in the Philippines to determine the in-situ density of compacted soil in roadworks?
A. Sieve Analysis
B. Triaxial Test
C. Direct Shear Test
D. Sand Cone Method
Answer: D. Sand Cone Method
Eighteen. Which best describes why saturated clays fail at lower shear strength under rapid loading?
A. Pore water cannot drain
B. Soil particles become denser
C. Effective stress increases
D. Pore pressure dissipates
Answer: A. Pore water cannot drain
Nineteen. What type of soil typically has the highest angle of internal friction?
A. Peat
B. Silt
C. Clay
D. Gravel
Answer: D. Gravel
Twenty. A DPWH project has Cu equals three point five and Cc equals four point zero. How is this soil gradation described?
A. Poorly graded
B. Uniformly graded
C. Gap-graded
D. Well-graded
Answer: A. Poorly graded
Twenty-one. Compaction increases a soil's dry unit weight mainly through the expulsion of from its void spaces.
A. Air
B. Water
C. Both air and water
D. Neither air nor water
Answer: A. Air
Twenty-two. Which does NOT influence the coefficient of permeability of a soil?
A. Void ratio
B. Degree of saturation
C. Grain size distribution
D. Specific gravity of solids
Answer: D. Specific gravity of solids
Twenty-three. Why is the angle of internal friction important in analyzing bearing capacity?
A. Controls settlement due to consolidation
B. Influences bearing capacity factors
C. Determines the hydraulic gradient
D. Measures the compressibility of soil
Answer: B. Influences bearing capacity factors
Twenty-four. The constant-head permeability test is NOT appropriate for testing
A. Clean sand
B. Sandy gravel
C. Uniform coarse sand
D. Low permeability clay
Answer: D. Low permeability clay
Twenty-five. Which primary factor LEAST affects seepage force within the soil mass?
A. Hydraulic gradient
B. Unit weight of water
C. Void ratio
D. Grain size distribution
Answer: D. Grain size distribution
Twenty-six. What is the most probable reason for choosing a friction pile instead of an end-bearing pile?
A. Shallow hard stratum present
B. No firm stratum reachable
C. Shorter pile length
D. Avoids shaft friction calculation
Answer: B. No firm stratum reachable
Twenty-seven. What laboratory test is commonly used to classify clay consistency as soft, medium, stiff, and very stiff?
A. Triaxial Tests
B. Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
C. Unconfined Compressive Tests
D. Direct Shear Tests
Answer: C. Unconfined Compressive Tests
Twenty-eight. Why do fine-grained soils exhibit much slower consolidation settlement than coarse-grained soils under the same load?
A. Low permeability slows drainage
B. High permeability drains water faster
C. More excess pore pressure
D. Higher soil shear strength
Answer: A. Low permeability slows drainage
Twenty-nine. In USCS, what fines content threshold generally requires a coarse-grained soil to carry a dual symbol such as GW-GM?
A. Between five percent and twelve percent
B. Between twelve percent and fifty percent
C. Less than five percent
D. More than fifty percent
Answer: A. Between five percent and twelve percent
Thirty. A shallow foundation on sand has a water table raised to the footing base and lower bearing capacity. This is most likely due to
A. Reduced unit weight
B. Reduced friction angle
C. Increased pore pressure
D. Reduced cohesion
Answer: A. Reduced unit weight
Thirty-one. Which soil type typically undergoes the largest consolidation settlement under a given increase in effective stress?
A. Dense gravel
B. Compacted sand fill
C. Normally consolidated clay
D. Overconsolidated clay
Answer: C. Normally consolidated clay
Thirty-two. What is the primary factor for the time-dependent settlement of an as-built structure?
A. Elastic settlement of underlying compressible soil layers
B. Liquefaction of underlying soil deposits
C. Vibration
D. Consolidation of underlying compressible soil layers
Answer: D. Consolidation of underlying compressible soil layers
Thirty-three. Enumerate three types of shear strength tests commonly used for soil investigation.
A. Direct shear, Triaxial, and Unconfined compression test
B. Direct shear, Triaxial, and Plate load test
C. Triaxial compression, Unconfined compression, and Consolidation test
D. Direct shear, Field vane test, and Standard Proctor test
Answer: A. Direct shear, Triaxial, and Unconfined compression test
Thirty-four. Which soil property is most influenced by particle shape and angularity?
A. Angle of internal friction
B. Plasticity Index
C. Specific Gravity
D. Liquid Limit
Answer: A. Angle of internal friction
Thirty-five. Why is field density testing important after compacting fill for airport runways?
A. It prevents birds from nesting near the runway
B. It determines the type of asphalt to be used
C. It determines the runway's paint markings
D. It ensures the required percent compaction is achieved
Answer: D. It ensures the required percent compaction is achieved
Thirty-six. What is the term for the lowest point of a water surface in a rotating tank?
A. Rotating free surface
B. Dead Sea
C. Hydraulic grade line
D. Energy grade line
Answer: B. Dead Sea
Thirty-seven. What phenomenon is associated with mercury not wetting glass?
A. Cohesion
B. Adhesion
C. Viscosity
D. Surface tension
Answer: D. Surface tension
Thirty-eight. Which field test is commonly used to determine in-situ soil density?
A. Constant head test
B. Sand cone test
C. Direct shear test
D. Hydrometer test
Answer: B. Sand cone test
Thirty-nine. What does option B correspond to for the corrected item sixteen?
A. Hydraulic gradient
B. Hydraulic conductivity
C. Seepage velocity
Answer: B. Hydraulic conductivity
Forty. What is the corrected answer for the item numbered eighteen in the previous compilation?
A. Gross ultimate bearing capacity
B. Net ultimate bearing capacity
C. Allowable bearing capacity
D. Presumptive bearing value
Answer: B. Net ultimate bearing capacity