One point two. The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
One point four. Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints Inquiring About Life
Get Ready for This Chapter
The study of life reveals unifying themes
Here are five unifying themes-ways of thinking about life that will still hold true decades from now.
Theme: New Properties Emerge at Successive Levels of Biological Organization
The Cell: An Organism's Basic Unit of Structure and Function
Theme: Life's Processes Involve the Expression and Transmission of Genetic Information
M B Animation: Heritable Information: D N A
Genomics: Large-Scale Analysis of D N A Sequences
Theme: Life Requires the Transfer and Transformation of Energy and Matter
Theme: From Molecules to Ecosystems, Interactions Are Important in Biological Systems
Molecules: Interactions Within Organisms
Ecosystems: An Organism's Interactions with Other Organisms and the Physical Environment
CONCEPT CHECK one point one
Classifying the Diversity of Life
The Three Domains of Life
Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection
CONCEPT CHECK one point two
Exploration and Observation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Questions That Can and Cannot Be Addressed by Science
The Flexibility of the Scientific Process
A Case Study in Scientific Inquiry: Investigating Coat Coloration in Mouse Populations
Experimental Variables and Controls
Inquiry Does camouflage affect predation rates on two populations of mice?
MB Interview with Hopi Hoekstra: Investigating the genetics and natural selection of mouse coat color
MB Animation: Introduction to Experimental Design
CONCEPT CHECK one point three
Building on the Work of Others
Interpreting a Pair of Bar Graphs
Science, Technology, and Society
The Value of Diverse Viewpoints in Science
CONCEPT CHECK One point four
Information Theme: Life's Processes Involve the Expression and Transmission of Genetic Information
Energy and Matter Theme: Life Requires the Transfer and Transformation of Energy and Matter
Interactions Theme: From Molecules to Ecosystems, Interactions Are Important in Biological Systems
Level Two: Application/Analysis
Level Three: Synthesis/Evaluation
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Four point one Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds
Four point three A few chemical groups are key to molecular function
Carbon: The Backbone of Life
Get Ready for This Chapter
Organic Molecules and the Origin of Life on Earth
Inquiry Can organic molecules form under conditions estimated to simulate those on the early Earth?
Working with Moles and Molar Ratios
CONCEPT CHECK four point one
A. CONCEPT four point two
The Formation of Bonds with Carbon
Molecular Diversity Arising from Variation in Carbon Skeletons
CONCEPT CHECK FOUR point TWO
A few chemical groups are key to molecular function.
The Chemical Groups Most Important in the Processes of Life.
ATP: An Important Source of Energy for Cellular Processes.
The Chemical Elements of Life: A Review.
CONCEPT CHECK FOUR point THREE.
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Five point two Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
Five point four Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
Five point six Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications The Molecules of Life
The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
The Diversity of Polymers
CONCEPT CHECK five point one
Structural Polysaccharides
Animation: Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen Structures
CONCEPT CHECK five point two
CONCEPT CHECK five point three
Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
Polypeptides (Amino Acid Polymers)
Protein Structure and Function
Four Levels of Protein Structure
Animation: Proteins MP3 Tutor: Protein Structure and Function
Interview with Linus Pauling: Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Peace Prize
Protein Folding in the Cell
CONCEPT CHECK five point four
Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information
The Roles of Nucleic Acids
The Components of Nucleic Acids
NITROGENOUS BASES Pyrimidines
The Structures of DNA and RNA Molecules
CONCEPT CHECK five point five
DNA and Proteins as Tape Measures of Evolution
CONCEPT CHECK five point six
Contributions of Genomics and Proteomics to Biology
Analyzing Polypeptide Sequence Data
Level two: Application/Analysis
Eight. Construct a table that organizes the following terms, and label the columns and rows.
Level three: Synthesis/Evaluation
Six point two. Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions.
Six point four. The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions.
Six point six. The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.
Six point eight. A cell is greater than the sum of its parts.
Brightfield (stained specimen).
Transmission electron microscopy.
CONCEPT CHECK six point one
Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
A Panoramic View of the Eukaryotic Cell
CONCEPT CHECK Six point two
CONCEPT CHECK six point three
The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Biosynthetic Factory
Functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Golgi Apparatus: Shipping and Receiving Center
Lysosomes: Digestive Compartments
Vacuoles: Diverse Maintenance Compartments
The Endomembrane System: A Review
CONCEPT CHECK six point four
The Evolutionary Origins of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondria: Chemical Energy Conversion
Chloroplasts: Capture of Light Energy
CONCEPT CHECK six point five
The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell
Roles of the Cytoskeleton: Support and Motility
MB BioFlix Animation: Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are thin solid rods. They are built from molecules of actin, a globular protein. A microfilament is a twisted double chain of actin subunits. Besides occurring as linear filaments, microfilaments can form structural networks when certain proteins bind along the side of such a filament and allow a new filament to extend as a branch. Like microtubules, microfilaments seem to be present in all eukaryotic cells.
CONCEPT CHECK six point six
The Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells
Plasmodesmata in Plant Cells
Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, and Gap Junctions in Animal Cells
CONCEPT CHECK six point seven
CONCEPT CHECK six point eight
Level two: Application/Analysis
Level three: Synthesis/Evaluation
Membrane Structure and Function
Seven point one. Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
Seven point three. Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment
Seven point five. Bulk transport across the plasma membrane occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis
Get Ready for This Chapter Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
The Fluidity of Membranes
Evolution of Differences in Membrane Lipid Composition
Membrane Proteins and Their Functions
MB Animation: Functions of the Plasma Membrane
The Role of Membrane Carbohydrates in Cell-Cell Recognition
Synthesis and Sidedness of Membranes
CONCEPT CHECK seven point one
The Permeability of the Lipid Bilayer
MB Animation: Selective Permeability of Membranes
CONCEPT CHECK seven point two
Concept seven point three
Effects of Osmosis on Water Balance
Water Balance of Cells Without Cell Walls
Water Balance of Cells with Cell Walls
Facilitated Diffusion: Passive Transport Aided by Proteins