Operating Systems Module One: Operating Systems and Structure

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BACSE one hundred six: OPERATING SYSTEMS

Module one:

Operating Systems and Structure

COURSE OBJECTIVES

One. To introduce the fundamental concepts, design issues, and core functionalities of operating systems.

Two. To build skills in managing processes, memory, files, devices, and ensuring protection and security, using algorithms and practical simulations.

Three. To introduce modern developments like virtualization, distributed operating systems, and cloud-based systems.

COURSE OUTCOMES

MODULE ONE: OPERATING SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURE

OPERATING SYSTEM BASICS

Operating system goals:

COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

ABSTRACT VIEW OF COMPUTER

VIEWS OF OS (CONTINUED)

COMPUTER SYSTEM ORGANIZATION

OPERATING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

MULTIPROGRAMMING (BATCH SYSTEM)

Memory Layout. MULTITASKING (TIMESHARING)

DUAL-MODE OR MULTIMODE OPERATION

TRANSITION FROM USER TO KERNEL MODE

TIMER

STORAGE STRUCTURE

STORAGE NOTATIONS

STORAGE STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)

Non-volatile memory devices- faster than hard disks, nonvolatile

Storage systems organized in hierarchy

STORAGE-DEVICE HIERARCHY

OS: Resource Management

PROCESS MANAGEMENT

PROCESS MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

MEMORY MANAGEMENT

"Memory management determines what is in memory and when

FILE-SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

OS activities include

MASS-STORAGE MANAGEMENT

· Free-space management

CACHING

· Cache management important design problem

CACHING

Typical size

Access time (nanoseconds)

Managed by

CHARACTERISTICS OF STORAGE UNITS

The I/O subsystem consists of several components:

· A general device-driver interface

· Only the device driver knows the peculiarities of the specific device to which it is assigned.

HISTORY OF OS

HISTORY OF OS (CONT.)

OPERATING SYSTEMS STRUCTURE

· Monolithic Structure

· Microkernels

· Hybrid Systems

TRADITIONAL UNIX SYSTEM STRUCTURE

LINUX SYSTEM STRUCTURE

· Uses a modular design that allows the kernel to be modified during run time.

LAYERED APPROACH

MICROKERNELS

MICROKERNEL SYSTEM STRUCTURE

DRAWBACKS

MODULES

HYBRID SYSTEMS

MACOS AND IOS STRUCTURE

LAYER DETAILS ....

DARWIN

ANDROID

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES

SYSTEM SERVICES (CONT.)

SYSTEM CALLS AND TYPES

EXAMPLE OF SYSTEM CALLS

EXAMPLE OF STANDARD API

API - SYSTEM CALL - OS RELATIONSHIP

PARAMETER PASSING VIA TABLE

TYPES OF SYSTEM CALLS

TYPES OF SYSTEM CALLS (CONT.)

Device management

TYPES OF SYSTEM CALLS (CONT.)

Communications

TYPES OF SYSTEM CALLS (CONT.)

EXAMPLES OF WINDOWS AND UNIX SYSTEM CALLS

EXAMPLE: ARDUINO

No operating system

EXAMPLE: FREEBSD

INTERRUPTS

INTERRUPT IMPLEMENTATION

Interrupt-driven I/O cycle

Maskable Interrupts

Non Maskable Interrupts

TYPES OF INTERRUPT

OS DESIGN ISSUES

BUILDING AND BOOTING AN OS

BUILDING AND BOOTING LINUX

SYSTEM BOOT

MULTISTAGE BOOT PROCESS

Overview

The document serves as a comprehensive guide to the principles of operating systems, covering aspects from basic definitions to complex functionalities like virtualization and multiprocessing. It is structured to facilitate learning through clear objectives and outcomes.

Key Points

1The document introduces fundamental concepts of operating systems
2It covers various OS structures and design issues
3Course outcomes include skills for managing processes and memory
4It discusses multiprogramming and multitasking as crucial OS operations
5Emphasizes the importance of security and resource allocation in OS management

Details

Authors: Abraham Silberschatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne
Category: Technology and Engineering

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