PCB11021: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Lab)

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PCB one ten zero twenty-one: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Lab)

PLANES

. An imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.

One. SAGITTAL PLANE

o A plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides.

o Midsagittal or median plane o Parasagittal plane or longitudinal section

Two. FRONTAL PLANE

Three. TRANSVERSE PLANE

ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONS

BODY CAVITIES

ABDOMINAL REGIONS & QUADRANTS

BODY QUADRANTS

PCB one ten zero twenty-one: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Lab)

One. PROKARYOTIC (before nucleus)

Two. EUKARYOTIC (true nucleus)

Two BASIC TYPES OF CELLS

o SOMATIC CELLS

o GAMETES

CELLS

One. PLASMA MEMBRANE

Two. CYTOPLASM (Gr. kytos-hollow vessel and plasm-fluid) o It has cytosol and organelles.

MODERN VERSION OF CELL THEORY

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL / PLASMA MEMBRANE MODEL

PLASMA MEMBRANE / CELL MEMBRANE / PLASMALEMMA

CHOLESTEROL MOLECULES

PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF CELL MEMBRANE

· PERIPHERAL PROTEINS

SPECIALIZATIONS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE

· Two Types of Ribosomes:

Two. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

b.) ROUGH ER

Three. GOLGI APPARATUS

Four. LYSOSOMES

Five. PEROXISOMES

· Liver Functions Context:

Six. MITOCHONDRIA (Power Generator)

· INNER MEMBRANE

· OUTER MEMBRANE

· MATRIX

Seven. CYTOSKELETON

· INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

· MICROTUBULES

Nine to Ten. NUCLEUS and NUCLEOLUS

· NUCLEOLUS

Eleven. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

Twelve to Thirteen. CHROMATIN and CHROMOSOMES

o Rod-shaped structure that appears in nucleus of a cell during mitosis; contains genes responsible for heredity.

· Heterochromatin

o Constitutive Heterochromatin:

o Facultative Heterochromatin

Fourteen. BARR BODY

Fifteen. VAULTS (Newly discovered organelle)

PCB eleven zero two one: HUMAN ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY (Lab)

One. INTERPHASE

Two. MITOSIS

MITOSIS

PCB eleven zero two one: HUMAN ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY (Lab)

One. SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Two. FACILITATED DIFFUSION

· FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF DIFFUSION

TRANSPORT MECHANISM

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

· SYMPORT

· ANTIPORT

SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

Two MAIN TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Two. SECONDARY (INDIRECT) ACTIVE TRANSPORT

VESICLE-MEDIATED TRANSPORT

PHAGOCYTOSIS

Chapter 71 EXOCYTOSIS

RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

PINOCYTOSIS

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

One. EPIDERMIS

Three. HYPODERMIS

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

One. STRATUM CORNEUM

Two. STRATUM LUCIDUM clear layer

Three. STRATUM GRANULOSUM

Four. STRATUM SPINOSUM

Five. STRATUM BASALE germinativum

CELL OF EPIDERMIS

Two. TACTILE CELLS

Three. DENDRITIC CELLS

Four. LANGERHANS CELLS immune cells

Five. MERKEL CELLS tactile receptors

FRICTION BLISTERS AND CORNS, CALLUSES

CORNS AND CALLUSES

Two. LAYERS OF DERMIS

PAPILLARY LAYER

RETICULAR LAYER

ARTERIO-VENOUS ANASTOMOSES

WOUND HEALING

The four phases are:

HAIR

. Important for the following reasons:

STAGES OF HAIR GROWTH

TYPES OF HUMAN HAIR

Two. VELLUS HAIR

Three. TERMINAL HAIR

NAILS

CUTANEOUS SENSORY RECEPTORS

Two. MEISSNER CORPUSCLE

Three. MERKEL DISKS

Four. KRAUSE END BULBS

Five. RUFFINI ENDINGS

Six. ROOT HAIR PLEXUS

Seven. PACINIAN CORPUSCLE

GLANDS

. MAMMARY GLANDS

. SUDORIFEROUS/SWEAT GLANDS o ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

o APocrine SWEAT GLANDS

Overview

The document is intended as a lab manual for students studying human anatomy and physiology, introducing key concepts like body planes, anatomical directions, and the cellular structure of human life. It is structured to aid understanding of anatomical terminology and cellular organization in the context of the human body.

Key Points

1The document outlines the three anatomical planes of the body: sagittal, frontal, and transverse
2It describes directional anatomical terms essential for locating body structures
3The document explains the organization of body cavities and their functions
4It includes information on the types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and their structures
5The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is discussed in detail, highlighting its composition and functions.

Details

Authors: Joanna Marie A. Valdez
Category: Biology and Natural Sciences

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