Proteins and Enzymes: A Comprehensive Overview

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COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Biochemistry

Chapter Two: Proteins and Chapter Three: Enzymes S C I Min two twenty-seven: Biochemistry Lecture Schedule: T Th eight thirty a m - ten a m Section: B S E D Science two dash two and two dash B

Organized Content

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION

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Two point two. Properties of Proteins

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Two point three. Structure of Proteins

One. Basic Structure of Amino Acids

Two. Formation of Polypeptide Chain

Three. Types of Amino Acids

Four. Forces That Shape Protein Structure

Two point four. Peptide Formation

Two point five. Levels of Protein Organization

One. Primary Structure

Two. Secondary Structure

Three. Tertiary Structure

Four. Quaternary Structure

Two point six. Classification, Biological Functions and Tests for Proteins

A. Based on Chemical Composition

Two. Conjugated proteins contain a non-protein prosthetic group attached to the polypeptide chain.

B. Based on Structure

Biological Functions of Proteins

Tests for Proteins

Specific Test for Amino acid chains

Quantitative Methods

Two point seven. Definition, Types, Stages and Biological Importance of Proteins

What Makes Up a Protein?

Major Types of Proteins and Its Functions

Biological Importance and Function of Protein

Protein Metabolism

Stages of Protein

Two. Amino Acid Utilization

Three. Amino Acid Degradation and Excretion

Two point eight. Digestion and Absorption of Proteins

Process of Digestion and Absorption

Two. Digestion in the Small Intestine

Three. Absorption in the Small Intestine

Summary and Importance

Two point nine. Disease Related to Proteins

One. Kwashiorkor

Cause:

Symptoms:

Treatment:

Two. Marasmus

Causes:

Symptoms:

Treatment

Three. Alzheimer

Cause:

Symptoms:

Middle Stage:

Late Stage:

Treatment:

Four. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Cause:

Symptoms

Treatment:

Five. Sickle Cell Disease

Cause:

Symptoms

Six. Cystic Fibrosis

Cause:

Symptoms:

Digestive System:

Treatment

Seven. Gout (High Protein Metabolism Byproduct)

Cause

Symptoms

Treatment:

Two point ten. Recent Developments Concerning Protein and Metabolism One. CRISPR-Cas Nine

Two. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

Wearable Sensor Technologies for Metabolic Monitoring

Four. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Five. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Six. Liver Transplantation

Seven. GLP-One Receptor Agonists

Eight. Sephience

ENZYMES

Three point one. CHEMICAL NATURE OF ENZYMES

What are they made of?

Peptide Bond

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Three point two CONCEPT OF CHEMICAL CATALYSTS

EXAMPLE:

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Mechanism of Catalysis

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Three point three CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ENZYMES

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Nomenclature of Enzymes

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Three point four. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYMES ACTIVITY

Temperature

pH

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Enzyme concentration

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

The effect of enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on reaction rate

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Competitive Inhibition

Non-Competitive Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Example

NAXTY. AWARD

Three point five PROPERTIES OF ENZYME

Enzymes as Biocatalysts

Physical Properties of enzymes

General properties of enzymes

Two. Specificity

Three. Reversibility

Four. Sensitiveness to Heat and Temperature

Five. Specific to Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)

pH Effects Enzyme Activity

pH Effects Substrates

Three point six. DISEASES RELATED TO ENZYMES

Hurler Syndrome

Three point seven RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS

Enzymes and Applications

Overview

An extensive examination of proteins and enzymes, highlighting their complex structures and essential functions in biological processes. The document also addresses the classification of proteins, metabolism, and related diseases.

Key Points

1Proteins are essential biomolecules with diverse functions in living organisms
2Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, have unique properties that influence protein behavior
3The document explores protein structure, classification, and metabolism in detail
4Disruptions in protein function can lead to health problems and diseases
5Recent developments in protein research enhance our understanding of their importance in health.

Details

Category: Biology and Natural Sciences

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