Review Guide for the Exam
Review Guide for the Exam
This review guide follows the logical flow of the lessons and covers all concepts needed for the Multiple Choice (30 items), True/False (20 items), and Matching Type tests (20 items) with a total of 70 items.
I. HUMAN FLOURISHING (EUDAIMONIA)
Meaning of Human Flourishing
. Ancient Greek philosophers called human flourishing Eudaimonia.
. Eudaimonia is often translated as happiness, but it is more accurately understood as living one's best and most excellent life.
Flourishing involves intellectual, moral, social, and personal development. •
Key Idea
Eudaimonia -> Human Flourishing -> Happiness
Happiness is the result of flourishing, not merely pleasure or success.
II. PLATO'S VIEW OF HUMAN FLOURISHING Main Beliefs
. All humans naturally desire flourishing.
Flourishing comes from virtue, not from external goods.
External Goods Cannot Guarantee Flourishing
Examples:
• Fame
These are temporary and do not make a person truly good.
How to Develop Virtue According to Plato
1. Examine Life
• Reflect on experiences.
2. Use Reason
· Reason should govern desires.
Self-control leads to better decisions.
3. Practice the Four Cardinal Virtues
Important Exam Point
Creativity is NOT one of Plato's four cardinal virtues.
III. ARISTOTLE'S VIEW OF HUMAN FLOURISHING
Human Nature According to Aristotle
Humans are:
1. Emotional Beings
• Have desires, feelings, and needs.
2. Social Beings
Need friendship, belongingness, and cooperation.
3. Rational Beings
· Use reason.
. Capable of learning and making moral choices.
Virtue According to Aristotle
Virtue According to Aristotle
Virtue is a character trait that enables a person to flourish. Two Types of Virtue A. Intellectual Virtue
Developed through learning and knowledge.
B. Virtue of Character
Developed through habits and practice.