Transmon-based Quantum Processing Units: Design, Control and Implementations

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Transmon-based Quantum Processing Units: Design, Control and Implementations

Chapter One Introduction

Despite coming from a foundation in electrical engineering, my academic journey has been consistently marked by a profound fascination with quantum mechanics. The discovery of quantum information and computation has further captivated my interest, intertwining the abstract beauty of quantum theories with practical applications. This thesis, shaped with an engineer's pragmatism, seeks to underscore the engineering side of quantum computing. My aim is to spark the curiosity among engineers, especially those in the field of radio frequency, whose skill set is crucial to the advancement of quantum computing research.

The ambition of this thesis is to forge a link between the theoretical underpinnings of physics and the tangible world of engineering practice, providing readers with a guide to acquiring the expertise needed to embark on research in this vibrant field. I am proud to note that the research conducted during my PhD not only culminated in this thesis but also led to contributions in scientific literature. These include a paper on optimal qubit control, as well as works on superconducting hardware qubit design.

One point one. Structure of the Thesis

This thesis is structured to provide a comprehensive exploration of today's snapshot of quantum computing field, with a focus on the development and operation of Transmon Quantum Processing Units. Each chapter is designed to build upon the previous one, gradually deepening the reader's understanding of the subject. The following is an overview of the structure and content of each chapter:

Chapter One: Introduction - This initial chapter sets the stage for the thesis, introducing the field of quantum information science and the focus on Quantum Processing Units. It outlines the background, objectives, and the structure of the thesis, providing a clear context and motivation for the research.

Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Information - Here, the fundamental concepts of quantum information theory are presented. This includes a detailed discussion on the principles and advantages of quantum computing. This chapter lays the theoretical groundwork essential for understanding the subsequent chapters on hardware and QPU design.

Chapter Three: Superconducting Quantum Hardware Building Blocks - This chap-

One point two. Background

One point three. INFN QubIT Project

Chapter Two Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Information

Two point one Quantum Mechanics Axioms

Two point two. Qubit, The Unit of Quantum Information

Two point three. Closed Quantum Systems

Two point four. Open Quantum Systems

Two point five DiVincenzo Criteria

One. Quantum Computing Criterion It is necessary to create a scalable experimental system with well-defined qubits.

Two. Quantum Computing Criterion It must be possible to initialize qubits in a known and convenient state.

Three. Quantum Computing Criterion The qubits must have long decoherence times.

Five. Quantum Computing Criterion The state of the qubits must be measurable.

One. Quantum Communication Criterion It must be possible to convert stationary qubits to flying qubits and vice versa.

Two. Quantum Communication Criterion It must be possible to transmit qubits from one station to another reliably.

Three point one. Superconductivity Introduction and Fundamental Concepts

Three point two. Linear Resonator

Three point three. Josephson Junction

Three point four D C-SQUID.

Chapter Four Transmon Quantum Processing Units Architecture and Design

Four point one Transmon Qubit Design and Implementation

Four point two Transmon Qubit Coupling and Entanglement

Four point three Structure and Functionality of Transmon Q P Us

Four point four Case Study: Transmon QPU Developed at INFN

Chapter Five Controlling the Quantum Processing Unit

Five point one. Fundamentals of Qubit Control and Gate Implementation

Five point two Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian

Five point three Rabi Oscillation

Five point four Derivative Removal by Adiabatic Gate

Five point five Optimal Control Techniques Fundamentals

Five point six Chopped Random Basis

Five point seven Case Study: Transmon Qubit Optimal Control at Chalmers

Chapter six Measuring the Quantum Processing Unit

Six point one Dispersive Readout Method

Six point two Resonator Probing

Six point three Measurement Accuracy

Six point four Josephson Parametric Amplifiers

Six point five Case Study: Josephson Parametric Amplifier Development at INFN

Chapter Seven Conclusion

Seven point one. Summary of Findings

Seven point two. Future Research Directions

Seven point three. Acknowledgements

Overview

This thesis investigates the engineering aspects of Transmon-based QPUs, linking theoretical quantum mechanics with practical applications. The work emphasizes the importance of radio-frequency engineering in advancing quantum computing research and aims to enhance understanding and appreciation of the field.

Key Points

1The thesis addresses the development and operation of Transmon Quantum Processing Units
2It emphasizes the need for engineers to engage with quantum computing advancements
3Structural and theoretical foundations of quantum information are outlined
4Challenges in superconducting quantum computing are discussed, including scalability and error correction
5The INFN QubIT project plays a significant role in the practical applications of the research.

Details

Authors: Hervè Atsè Corti, Prof. Alessandro Cidronali, Prof. Leonardo Banchi
Category: Technology and Engineering

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