Four point two Text versus Binary File Handling
Four point four Preprocessor Directives
Four point six Build Automation using Makefile
Four point eight Debugging with gdb
Four point ten CI/CD Concepts for C Projects
Four point twelve Keywords
Four point fourteen Case Study
Four point one File Handling in C
Four point one point one Introduction to File Operations
Four point one point two Opening and Closing Files (fopen(), fclose())
Four point one point three Reading from Files (fscanf(), fgets(), fread())
Four point one point four Writing to Files (fprintf(), fputs(), fwrite()) fprintf()
Four point one point five File Modes, Error Handling and feof(), ferror() File Modes Recap:
Four point two Text versus Binary File Handling
Four point two point one Differences Between Text and Binary Files
Four point two point two Binary File Operations using fread() and fwrite()
Writing to a Binary File:
Reading from a Binary File:
Four point two point three Use Cases and Efficiency of Binary Files When to use Binary Files:
Four point two point four File Structures for Data Storage
Example: Read Structure from Binary File struct Student s2;
Four point two point five Handling Large Data Files
Example: Moving the File Pointer
Four point three Command-Line Arguments
Four point three point one main(int argc, char *argv[]) Format
Four point three point two Accessing and Parsing Command-Line Inputs
Four point three point three Practical Use Cases: File Names, Flags, Arguments
Four point three point four Error Checking for Argument Inputs
Four point three point five Creating Flexible Command-Line Programs
Four point four Preprocessor Directives
Four point four point one Role of the Preprocessor in Compilation
Four point four point two define, include, and Constant Declarations
Constant Declaration Using const keyword: const int x = ten; Unlike define, const is type-safe and allows debugging.
Common directives: Directive Meaning
Four point four point four Creating and Using Macros
Four point four point five Best Practices and Macro Pitfalls
Four point five Header Files and Code Modularity
Four point five point one Purpose and Benefits of Header Files Purpose:
Four point five point two Declaring Functions and Macros in Headers
Four point five point three Include Usage with Custom Headers
Four point five point four Header Guards and Avoiding Redundancy
Four point five point five Managing Large Projects with Modular Headers In large projects:
Four point six Build Automation using Makefile
Four point six point one Introduction to Build Process
Four point six point two Structure of a Makefile: Targets, Dependencies, Commands A Makefile is a set of rules that define:
Four point six point three Automating Compilation of Multi-File Projects
Four point six point four Using Variables and Comments in Makefiles
Four point six point five Practical Example: Makefile for a C Project Project Files:
Four point seven Compiler Flags and Optimization
Four point seven point one Common GCC Flags: Wall, -O, -g, -std
Four point seven point two Optimization Flags and Use Cases (O one, O two, O three) GCC provides different levels of optimization:
Four point seven point three Debugging Flags and Warning Management Debugging Flags:
Four point seven point four Cross-Platform Compilation Considerations
Four point seven point five Combining Flags in Build Scripts
Four point eight Debugging with gdb
Four point eight point one Introduction to gdb and Debugging Concepts gdb lets developers:
Four point eight point two Compiling with -g for Debug Info
Four point eight point three Running gdb and Setting Breakpoints
Four point eight point four Stepping Through Code and Inspecting Variables
Four point eight point five Using gdb to Debug Segmentation Faults and Logic Errors
Four point nine Introduction to Version Control (Git)
Four point nine point one Need for Version Control in Development
Four point nine point two Basic Git Commands: init, add, commit, status, log
Four point nine point three Branching and Merging Basics
Four point nine point four Using dot git ignore and Remote Repositories
Four point nine point five GitHub and Collaborative Workflows GitHub allows:
Four point ten CI/CD Concepts for C Projects
Four point ten point one Overview of CI/CD in Software Development
Four point ten point two Setting Up a Basic CI Pipeline (e.g., GitHub Actions)
Four point ten point three Automating Builds and Tests on Code Push In CI/CD:
Four point ten point four Introduction to Docker for C Applications
Dockerfile Example for a C Project:
Four point ten point five Benefits of CI/CD in Team Environments
Four point eleven Summary
Four point twelve Keywords
Four point thirteen Self-Assessment Questions (Subjective and Case-Based)
Four point fourteen Case Study