Artificial sweetening agents
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Catalytic action of enzymes
Drug - target interaction
Electron withdrawing group
Electrophilic substitution
Hell - Volhard Zelinsky reaction
Limited spectrum antibiotics
Semi - synthetic polymers
Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular
Ten point one. Classification
Ten point one point two. Compounds Containing sp three C-X Bond (X equals F, Cl, Br, I)
Ten point one point three. Compounds This class includes:
Ten point two nomenclature
Two hundred eighty-three Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Ten point three nature of C-X Bond
Two hundred eighty-five Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Ten point four point two From Hydrocarbons
Ten point four point three Halogen Exchange
Ten point five. Physical Properties
Melting and boiling points
Ten point six. Chemical Reactions
Ten point six point one. Reactions of Haloalkanes
(b) Substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN one)
Two. Elimination reactions
Elimination versus substitution
Three. Reaction with metals
Ten point six point two Reactions of Haloarenes
One. Nucleophilic substitution
Replacement by hydroxyl group
Two. Electrophilic substitution reactions
Ten point nine. Identify A, B, C, D, E, R and R one in the following:
Ten point seven. Polyhalogen Compounds
Ten point seven point five. Freons
Ten point seven point six. P P'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-
Ten point two. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: (i) C H three C (Cl) C H (Br) C H three (ii) C H F two C (Br) C I F (iii) C I C H two C (double bond) C H two Br
Ten point seven. Write the equations for the preparation of one-Iodobutane from (i) one-butanol (ii) one-chlorobutane (iii) but-one-ene.
Ten point nine. Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in S N two reaction with OH?
Ten point eleven. How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ten point twelve. Explain why
Ten point thirteen. Give the uses of freon twelve, DDT, carbon tetrachloride, and iodoform.
Ten point fifteen. Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
Ten point sixteen. Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards S N two displacement:
(iii) one-Bromobutane, one-Bromo-two, two-dimethylpropane, one-Bromo-two-methylbutane, one-Bromo-three-methylbutane.
Ten point seventeen. Out of C H, C H two C l, and C six H, C H C l, C H five, which is more easily hydrolyzed by aqueous K O H?
Ten point nineteen. How the following conversions can be carried out?
Ten point twenty-two. What happens when
Three hundred thirteen Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Eleven point one Classification
Chemistry three hundred sixteen
Three hundred seventeen. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Three hundred nineteen. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Eleven point four. Alcohols and Phenols
Eleven point four point one. Preparation of Alcohols
Three hundred twenty-one. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Two. From carbonyl compounds
Three hundred twenty-three Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Eleven point five Write structures of the products of the following reactions:
Eleven point four point three Physical Properties
Three hundred twenty-five Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Eleven point four point four Chemical Reactions
Protonated alcohols as electrophiles
One. Acidity of alcohols and phenols
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
The mechanism of dehydration of ethanol involves the following steps:
1. Electrophilic aromatic substitution
3. Reimer-Tiemann reaction
4. Reaction of phenol with zinc dust
Two. Williamson synthesis
Eleven point six point two. Physical Properties
One. Cleavage of C-O bond in ethers
Two. Electrophilic substitution.
Three hundred forty-one Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers.
Chemistry three hundred forty-two.
Three hundred forty-three Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Chemistry three hundred forty-four
Three hundred forty-five Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Chemistry three hundred forty-six
three hundred forty-seven Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
twelve point one Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group
Chemistry three hundred fifty
One. Aldehydes and ketones
Twelve point two point three Preparation of Ketones
Twelve point three Physical Properties
Twelve point four Chemical Reactions
Four. Reactions due to alpha-hydrogen
Twelve point five. Predict the products of the following reactions:
Twelve point five. Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
Twelve point six. Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group
Twelve point six point two. Structure of Carboxyl Group
Three. From nitriles and amides
Four. From Grignard reagents
Five. From acyl halides and anhydrides
Twelve point nine point two Reactions Involving Cleavage of C-OH Bond
One. Formation of anhydride
Three. Reactions with PCL5, PCl3 and SOCl2
Four. Reaction with ammonia
Twelve point nine point three Reactions Involving the Carboxyl Group
Twelve point three Draw the structures of the following compounds.
Twelve point five. Draw structures of the following derivatives.
Three hundred seventy-seven Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Twelve point eight. How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?
Twelve point twelve. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated.
Twelve point thirteen. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
Twelve point fifteen. How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two steps?
Twelve point sixteen. Describe the following: (i) Acetylation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction
Chemistry three hundred seventy-eight
Answers to Some Intext Questions
Thirteen point one. Structure of Amines
thirteen point two Classification
Chemistry three hundred eighty-two
Three hundred eighty-three Amines
Chemistry three hundred eighty-four
Two. Ammonolysis of alkyl halides
Three. Reduction of nitriles
Four. Reduction of amides
Five. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
Six. Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction
Example thirteen point three
Thirteen point five Physical Properties
Thirteen point six Chemical Reactions
One. Basic character of amines
Structure-basicity relationship of amines
(a) Alkanamines versus ammonia
(b) Arylamines versus ammonia
Example thirteen point four. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their basic strength: C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, NH3.
Four. Carbylamine reaction
Five. Reaction with nitrous acid
Six. Reaction with arylsulphonyl chloride.
Seven. Electrophilic substitution
Thirteen point seven. Method of Preparation of Diazoniun Salts
Thirteen point eight. Physical Properties
A. Reactions involving displacement of nitrogen
Thirteen point ten. Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds
Three hundred ninety-nine Amines
Thirteen point two. Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
Thirteen point three. Account for the following:
Thirteen point five. How will you convert:
Thirteen point eight. Accomplish the following conversions:
Thirteen point nine. Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:
Thirteen point eleven. Complete the following reactions:
Thirteen point thirteen. Write the reactions of (i) aromatic and (ii) aliphatic primary amines with nitrous acid.
Answers to Some Intext Questions
Fourteen point one point one. Classification of Carbohydrates
Fourteen point one point three Preparation of Glucose
Fourteen point one point five Cyclic Structure of Glucose
Fourteen point one point six Structure of Fructose
Fourteen point one point seven Disaccharides
Fourteen point one point eight Polysaccharides
Fourteen point one point nine Importance of Carbohydrates
Fourteen point two Proteins
Fourteen point two point one Amino Acids
Fourteen point two point two. Classification of Amino Acids
Fourteen point two point three. Structure of Proteins
Fourteen point two point four. Denaturation of Proteins
Fourteen point three. Enzymes
Fourteen point four. Vitamins
Fourteen point four point one. Classification of Vitamins
Fourteen point five. Nucleic Acids
Fourteen point five point two. Structure of Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid Fingerprinting
Chemistry Four hundred twenty-two
Chemistry Four hundred twenty-four
Fifteen point one Classification of Polymers
Fifteen point one point two Classification Based on Structure of Polymers
There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers.
Polymers can also be classified on the basis of mode of polymerisation into two sub groups.
Fifteen point one point four Classification A large number of polymer applications in different fields depend on
Chemistry Four hundred twenty-eight
Two. Preparation of some important addition polymers
There are two types of polythene as given below:
Fifteen point two point two Condensa-
(b) Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon)
Some important condensation polymerisation reactions characterised by their linking units are described below:
(a) Preparation of nylons
Four. Melamine-formaldehyde polymer
Fifteen point four Classify the following as addition and condensation polymers: Terylene, Bakelite, Polyvinyl chloride, Polythene.
Preparation of Synthetic Rubbers
Fifteen point five. Polymers of Commercial Importance
Four hundred thirty-seven Polymers
Answers of Some Intext Questions
Sixteen point one Drugs and their Classification
Sixteen point one point one Classification of Drugs
Sixteen point two point one Enzymes as Drug Targets
(b) Drug-enzyme interaction
Sixteen point two point two Receptors as Drug Targets
Sixteen point three Therapeutic Action Of this Section, we shall discuss the therapeutic action of a few important classes of drugs.
Sixteen point three point one Antacids
Sixteen point three point three Neurologically Active Drugs
(i) Non-narcotic non-addictive analgesics
Sixteen point three point four Antimicrobials
Sixteen point three point five Antifertility Drugs
Sixteen point four Chemicals in food
Sixteen point four point two Food
Sixteen point five Cleansing Agents
Sixteen point five point one Soaps
Sixteen point five point two Synthetic Detergents
Why do soaps not work in hard water?
Sixteen point twenty-one. Explain the following terms with suitable examples
Answers to Some Intext Questions
Answers to Some Questions in Exercises
Eleven point fourteen. Reaction with (i) sodium and (ii) sodium hydroxide
Eleven point twenty-three (i) one-Ethoxy-two-methylpropane.
Twelve point two (i) four-Methylpentanal
Twelve point three (i) H three C equals C H equals C H two C H