Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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CARDIOVASCULAR

Module three LESSON one

One. CARDIOTONIC DRUGS - trying to study the tone / force of contraction of heart.

CARDIO - heart TONIC - tone

DRUGS - that affects the tone / contraction of heart.

They are used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

Digitalis Glycosides ( Digitalis) - sodium

potassium pump thus increasing the intra cellular sodium leading the influx of calcium.

- effects on heart

Digoxin (Lanoxin) - Main cardiac glycoside that helps a weak heart pump more effectively and slows the heart rate.

Pharmacodynamics;

Therapeutic Range;

Digitalis Toxicity - too much digoxin in the body.

Important Drug Interactions

Two. PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS - IV drugs that temporarily help a failing heart pump better.

Inamrinone lactate - inocor

LESSON two

Nitrates (Nitroglycerin) - Drugs that open blood vessels to relieve chest pain (angina).

Pharmacokinetics;

Pharmacodynamics;

Onset

Duration

Division

Propranolol (Inderal)

Selective Beta Blockers- Block Beta one only (mainly the heart).

SELECTIVE = one Heart only

Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem

LESSON three

Sympatholytics - Drugs that block the sympathetic nervous system, lowering Blood Pressure.

Vasodilators- Drugs that widen arteries and or veins to decrease blood pressure.

ACE Inhibitors- Drugs that block the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System to lower Blood Pressure.

Major Adverse Effects

MODULE four HEMATOLOGIC

HEMATINIC DRUGS

Pharmacokinetics;

Pharmacodynamics;

Vitamin B twelve- Vitamin B twelve replaces deficient B twelve and is used to treat pernicious anemia.

Folic Acid - Folic acid treats folate deficiency and is important for making new red blood cells.

Epoetin Alfa- Epoetin alfa stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells by replacing erythropoietin.

LESSON two

Heparin

Drug Interactions - Drug interactions are medicines that can change Heparin's effect.

Adverse Reaction

Oral Anticoagulants (Warfarin) -

Antiplatelet Drugs- Antiplatelet drugs stop platelets from sticking together, preventing arterial clots.

LESSON THREE

Alteplase, Streptokinase, Anistreplase.

LESSON FOUR

Three Main Classes:

Pharmacodynamics;

Pharmacotherapeutics (Uses)

Drug Interactions

Fibric Acid Derivatives- are antilipemic drugs that mainly lower triglycerides, TG, and also help reduce cholesterol.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacotherapeutics:

Drug Interactions

Adverse Effect

Overview

The document serves as an educational resource on cardiovascular medications, detailing their categories and clinical applications. It highlights the importance of understanding pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics to optimize patient care in cardiovascular diseases.

Key Points

1Cardiotonic drugs improve heart contraction and are used in heart failure
2Antianginal drugs relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels
3Antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure through various mechanisms
4Anticoagulants prevent new clot formation and require monitoring for bleeding
5Antilipemic drugs aim to lower cholesterol and triglycerides to reduce heart disease risk

Details

Category: Health and Medicine

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