DETAILED REVIEWER TRAUMA-RELATED, PHOBIAS, AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS

DETAILED REVIEWER TRAUMA-RELATED, PHOBIAS, AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERS

One. SPECIFIC PHOBIAS AND AGORAPHOBIA

Specific phobias - Unreasonable or irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

. Leads to avoidance or enduring with intense fear and anxiety when confronted with the object or situation.

. Categories according to DSM-Five-TR.

Animal type phobias - Extreme fear focused on specific animals or insects.

Natural environment type phobias - Extreme fear focused on events or situations in the natural environment.

Situational type phobias - Usually involve fear of public transportation or entities, claustrophobia, and do not appear until early adulthood.

Blood-injection-injury (BII) type phobias - Excessive and persistent fear triggered by seeing blood.

Other -

Agoraphobia - Fear situations in which escape is difficult or where help might not be available if they become anxious.

Symptoms of fear and anxiety must occur in at least two different situations.

In extreme cases individuals do not leave their homes alone. Very strong association with panic attacks and panic disorder.

Theories of Phobias

Behavioral

Interoceptive conditioning - Individual learns to associate internal bodily sensations or physiological cues with certain emotional or psychological responses.

Exteroceptive conditioning - Classical conditioning of external stimuli from the environment with emotional or psychological responses.

Negative reinforcement - Reduction of anxiety reinforced by the avoidance of the feared object.

Prepared classical conditioning - Conditioning of fear to certain objects or situations.

Biological Genetic basis - runs in families.

Anxiety sensitivity - Tendency to believe that anxiety and its symptoms harm the body.