DISEASES OF THE URINARY TRACT Two
Two. Malignant Nephrosclerosis
One. Fibromuscular Dysplasia
One. Typical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Three. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura Two. Renal Congenital Diseases
Pathogenesis Of Hereditary Cystic Diseases
B. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Morphology Mutations Pathogenesis Cyst And Anomalies In Other Organs
D. Cystic Diseases Of The Medulla Four. Obstructive Uropathy
One. Calcium Oxalate Stones (seventy percent)
Four. Cystine Stones (one-two percent)
One. Renal Papillary Adenoma
Two. Urothelial Carcinoma
A. Congenital Anomalies One. Double Ureters
Four. Vesicoureteral Reflux
One. Fibroepithelial Polyp
Three. Urothelial Carcinoma C. Obstructive Lesion
II. Urinary Bladder A. Congenital Anomalies
Three. Main Clinical Manifestations
Two. Papillary Bladder Tumor
Four. Clinical Manifestations And Course
E. Urinary Bladder: Obstruction
One. BENIGN NEPHROSCLEROSIS
C. THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES
One. TYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
Two. ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
Three. THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA PURPURA
Pathogenesis of Hereditary Cystic Diseases
A. Multicystic Renal Dysplasia
B. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic
CYST AND ANOMALIES IN OTHER ORGANS
C. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC (ARPKD)
D. CYSTIC DISEASES OF THE MEDULLA
DIALYSIS-ASSOCIATED CYSTIC DISEASE
Two. MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE STONES (five to ten percent)
Three. URIC ACID STONES (five to ten percent)
Four. CYSTINE STONES (one to two percent)
SIX. TUMORS OF THE KIDNEY
One. RENAL PAPILLARY ADENOMA
One. Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
Two. Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Clear Cell Cancer Syndrome
Three. Hereditary Papillary Carcinoma
Four. Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
PAPILLARY CARCINOMA (ten to fifteen percent)
CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (five percent)
COLLECTING DUCT CARCINOMA (less than one percent)
Two. UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
DISEASES OF LOWER URINARY TRACT
Two. URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION
Four. VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
CAUSES OF VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
B. TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESION
One. FIBROEPITHELIAL POLYP
Three. UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
One. SCLEROSING RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DIVERTICULA
B. INFLAMMATION (CYSTITIS).
Four. CYSTITIS - SPECIAL VARIANTS.
One. CYSTITIS GLANDULARIS AND CYSTITIS CYSTICA.
Two. SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA.
Three. NEPHROGENIC ADENOMA.
PATHOGENESIS: GAIN OF FUNCTION ALTERATIONS.
PATHOGENESIS: MUTATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES.
CLASSIFICATION (WHO/ISUP).
PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL NEOPLASM OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL (PUNLMP).
LOW-GRADE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA.
HIGH-GRADE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA
Two. PAPILLARY BLADDER TUMOR
E. URINARY BLADDER OBSTRUCTION
One. CHRONIC BLADDER OBSTRUCTION