Emergency and Disaster Nursing Care of Clients in Acute Biologic Crisis
Principles of Emergency Care
Reasons for going to the emergency department
EMERGENCY SEVERITY INDEX (ESI)
CANADIAN TRIAGE AND ACUITY SCALE (CTAS)
Primary Survey (ABCDE) - focuses on stabilizing life-threatening conditions
Quick Neuro assessment (AVPU)
Control of External Hemorrhage
Control of Internal hemorrhage
INTERNAL HOSPITAL DISASTERS WHO MANUAL
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN (EOP)
One. MULTIPLE TRAUMA/INJURIES
o Priority Management for Multiple Injuries
o Primary survey: assess and treat life-threatening injuries
o Signs of inadequate end-organ perfusion
o Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST Exam)
Consequences of Rib Fractures
CORONARY VESSEL DISSECTION SECONDARY TO TRAUMA
Diagnosis: Echocardiogram.
ACUTE PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE
Intraperitoneal Injury, assess for referred pain
Primary Survey, assess and treat life-threatening injuries
Heart rate and blood pressure
Bedside ultrasound, FAST Exam
Disability, neurologic; GCS
Kehr's sign, splenic injury irritating hemidiaphragm, innervated by the phrenic nerve
Seatbelt sign, small bowel injury or transverse fracture of L three
PENETRATING ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
Concern for pneumothorax or hemothorax
Pringle maneuver -> The portal triad is occluded temporarily
ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Acute Compartment Syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis Signs and Symptoms - six P's
Neurovascular assessments
Two. ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION
Stages of Anaphylactic Shock.
Client and Family Teaching.
Three. INSECT, ANIMAL, AND HUMAN BITES.
Stings - toxic venom into our body because it is their self-defense mechanisms.
Blood vessels and nerve endings.
Mechanical injury plus complications (infection, envenomation) - exposure to poison or toxin.
Insect bites are caused by insects that feed on host's blood to survive.
CARE FOR A CLIENT WITH BEE STING.
Emergency and Disaster Nursing Care of Clients in Acute Biologic Crisis.
Non-modifiable Risk Factors.
Mild symptoms: few fractures.
BROKEN BONE HEALING PROCESS
Healing abnormalities and bone deformity.
Impaired physical mobility related to left tibia fracture.
Deep Vein Thrombosis prophylaxis - the risk of fat embolism.
Moderate hypothermia (thirty-five to thirty-three degrees Celsius).
Severe hypothermia (less than thirty-three to thirty degrees Celsius).
HELP - Heat Escape Lessening Position.
Moderate to severe hypothermia.
Passive (spontaneous) rewarming.
Nonfatal drowning is survival for at least twenty-four hours after submersion that caused a respiratory arrest.
Children less than five years old.
Ages fifteen to twenty-five.
Over eighty-five years old.
CHEMICAL BURNS MANAGEMENT
Protect the Respiratory System.
Monitoring and Further Care.
ELECTRICAL BURNS MANAGEMENT
Monitor for cardiac complications.
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Evaluation.
ACID POISONING MANAGEMENT
Neutralization (cautious use)
ALKALI POISONING MANAGEMENT
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
ASSESSMENT: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
ABUSE, VIOLENCE, AND NEGLECT Aggression and Violence
Abuse - commonly seen in pediatric and geriatric patients.
NURSING CARE OF ABUSE SITUATIONS
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND WITHDRAWAL
Characteristics of Substance Use Disorder
Factors Influences Risk for Substance Use Disorder
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERMINOLOGY
"Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Anticonvulsants Anxiolytics)"
"Acute Alcohol Intoxication"
"Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome"
"Common Withdrawal Symptoms"
"Substances that may lead to withdrawal"
"Drug types that can result in withdrawal"
"Medications to Help with Withdrawal"
"Methods How to Intake Drugs"
"Illicit Drug Use disorder"
"Mental health and substance use"
"Common Psychiatric Emergencies"
"Mental State Examination"
Alcohol and Drug Intoxication, Withdrawal syndrome and delirium tremens
Depressive Stupor and catatonic syndrome
Acute Stress Reaction with Dissociative Conversion Disorder
Panic Disorder with Panic Attack
Dystonic reaction due to psychotropic drugs