About Pharmacology for Nurses
CHAPTER ONE Introduction to Pharmacology
ONE point one. Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Teams, and Nursing Practice
ONE point three. Drug Classifications and Prototypes
One point one. Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Teams, and Nursing Practice
One point one. Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Teams, and Nursing Practice
Interdisciplinary Nature of Pharmacology
Pharmacology and Clinical Nursing Practice
One point two. Drug Sources, Forms, and Names
Drugs come in many forms, but there are three primary categories for their routes of administration:
Generic and Brand Name Drug Equivalents
Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs
One point three. Drug Classifications and Prototypes
One point four Special Considerations LEARNING OUTCOMES
Pharmacology and Socioeconomic Factors
Drugs as They Relate to Specific Populations
Accommodating the culturally diverse:
The Aging Client and Pharmacology
CHAPTER TWO Drug Administration
Two point one. Drug Administration and the Nursing Process
Two point three. Drug Administration Routes, Preparation, and Administration
Present Illness and Chief Complaint
Current Medications, Substance Use, and Allergies
Health Literacy and Education
Physical Findings and Laboratory Values
Nursing Diagnosis and Problem List
Implementation of Nursing Interventions
Nursing Clinical Judgment
Principles of Safe Drug Administration
The Seven Rights of Medication Administration
The Seven Rights of Medication Administration
Client Education and Drug Administration
Factors that Influence Learning
Developing a Teaching Plan
Two point two Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Drug Metabolism or Biotransformation
Side Effects, Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Tolerance, and Drug Toxicity
Two point three. Drug Administration Routes, Preparation, and Administration
Forms and Routes of Drug Administration
Nursing Implications for Oral Medications
· If a tablet needs to be crushed:
Sublingual and Buccal Administration
Steps to administering a sublingual or buccal medication:
Nursing Implications for Sublingual or Buccal Medications
Nasal Spray Administration
Steps to administering a nasal spray:
Nursing Implications for Nasal Sprays
Removing Parenteral Medication from a Vial
Steps to withdrawing medication from a vial:
Removing Medication from Ampules
Subcutaneous Administration
Nursing Implications for Subcutaneous Administration
ISMP Guidelines for Safe Subcutaneous Insulin Use
Steps to administering an intramuscular medication:
Transdermal Patch (or Disk) Application
Steps to administering a transdermal medication:
Nursing Implications for Transdermal Administration
Steps to administering nitroglycerin ointment (nitroglycerin paste):
Nursing Implications for Cutaneous Application
Nursing Implications for Vaginal Applications
Steps to administering rectal suppositories:
Nursing Implications for Rectal Administration
Two point four. Dosage Calculations
Drug Labels and Precautions
Drug Calculation Methods and Rounding Rules
Ratio and Proportion Method
Dimensional Analysis Method
Seven. When administering digoxin, a drug with a narrow therapeutic index, the nurse should assess for which effect?
CHAPTER THREE Ethics, Legal Considerations, and Safety
Three point two. Drug Errors and Prevention
Three point one. Legal Considerations
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
State Nurse Practice Acts
Strategies for Students in the Practice Setting
Three point two Drug Errors and Prevention
Drug Administration and Safety
Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions
Causes of Medication Errors
Prevention of Medication Errors
Three point three. Documentation and Informatics
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Competencies
The Joint Commission "Do Not Use" Abbreviations
Computerized Prescriber Order Entry
Recording Adverse Drug Events Through the Electronic Health Record
Patient (Client) Care Portals
Three. Ethics, Legal Considerations, and Safety
CHAPTER Four Introduction to Homeostasis
Four point one What Is Homeostasis?
Four point three Maintaining Homeostasis
Four point one What Is Homeostasis?
Four point one. What Is Homeostasis?
Transcellular Compartment (Third Space)
Four point two. Osmolality
Four point two Osmolality
Four point three. Maintaining Homeostasis
Factors Impacting Homeostasis
Four point four. Negative Feedback Loop
Negative Feedback and Homeostasis
Homeostatic Response System
CHAPTER Five Fluids and Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Alternative Therapies
Fluid Volume Introduction
Five point two. Electrolytes
Five. Fluids and Electrolytes, Vitamins, Minerals, and Alternative Therapies
Potassium Administration and IV Site Assessment
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Five point three Intravenous Fluid Therapy, Total Parenteral Nutrition, and Blood Products
Intravenous Fluid Therapy
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Contraindications for TPN include:
Cryoprecipitated Anti-hemophilic Factor
Blood Typing, Cross-Matching, and Transfusion
Correcting Fluid Imbalance
Correcting Fluid Volume Deficit
Correcting Fluid Volume Excess
Five point four Vitamins, Minerals, and Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act
Good Manufacturing Practices
Commonly Used Herbal Remedies
Common Complementary Therapies
Two. Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for the synthesis of collagen and wound healing?
Six. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body and potentially cause toxicity?
CHAPTER SIX Introduction to the Immune System and the Inflammatory Response
Six point one Introduction to Immunity
Six point three Immunosuppressants, Biologics, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Biosimilar Drugs
Six point one Introduction to Immunity
Six point one Introduction to Immunity
Antigen-Antibody Interactions
Six point two. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Vaccines, and Immunizations
Vaccines and Immunizations
Vaccines and Immunizations
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Recommended Routes, Dosages, and Time
International Travel Considerations
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Six point three Immunosuppressants, Biologics, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Biosimilar Drugs
Table six point two lists common immunosuppressants and typical routes and dosing for adult and pediatric clients.
Biologic Drugs and Monoclonal Antibodies
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Drug Class Biologic, Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitor
Six. Introduction to the Immune System and the Inflammatory Response
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Six point four Introduction to the Inflammatory Response and Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Etiology and Diagnostic Testing
Inflammation versus Infection
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives
Propionic Acid Derivatives
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER Seven Anti-infective Drugs
Seven point one Introduction to Bacterial, Viral/COVID-19, and Fungal Infections
Seven point three Introduction to HIV, AIDS, and Antiretrovirals
Seven point five Introduction to Tuberculosis and Antitubercular Drugs
Seven point one Introduction to Bacterial, Viral/COVID-19, and Fungal Infections
Infection and the Body's Defense System
Seven point two. Antibiotic, Antiviral/Anti-COVID-nineteen, and Antifungal Drugs
Antibiotics and Infection
Antibiotic Drug Resistance
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Viruses and Antiviral Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
COVID-nineteen and Anti-COVID-nineteen Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Fungi and Antifungal Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Oral/Intravenous Azole Antifungals
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Seven point three Introduction to HIV, AIDS, and Antiretrovirals
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
Chemokine Coreceptor Antagonists
Cytochrome P-four fifty Inhibitors
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Other Pathogenic Infections
Preventing Transmission of STIs
Communicating with Partners
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Seven point five. Introduction to Tuberculosis and Antitubercular Drugs
Antitubercular Drug Compliance
Drugs used to treat TB include:
Drug Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Tubercular Infections
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Seven point six Antiparasitic and Anthelminthic Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER Eight Introduction to Cancer Therapy and Cancer Drugs
Eight point one Introduction to Cancer and Phases of Cancer Therapy
Eight point three Hormonal Therapy
Eight point one Introduction to Cancer and Phases of Cancer Therapy
Environmental and Genetic Factors
Eight point one. Introduction to Cancer and Phases of Cancer Therapy
Hematologic (Liquid) Tumors
Eight point two. Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Handling of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Chemotherapy Administration Safety Standards
Routes of Chemotherapy Administration
Administering Vesicant Drugs
Side Effects of Chemotherapy
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eight. Introduction to Cancer Therapy and Cancer Drugs
Subclass one: Nitrogen Mustards
Subclass two: Nitrosoureas
Subclass three: Alkyl Sulfonates
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an alkylating drug should not:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an antimetabolite should not:
Anthracyclines/Antitumor Antibiotics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an anthracycline and antitumor antibiotic agent should not:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking a plant alkaloid agent should not:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking a taxane agent should not:
Common Drugs Used as Supportive Therapies for Clients Receiving Chemotherapy
FDA BLACK BOX WARNING Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents
Eight point three. Hormonal Therapy
Eight point three. Hormonal Therapy
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eight point four Biologic Response Modifiers
Monoclonal Antibodies and PD-1 Inhibitors
Growth Factor and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER Nine Introduction to the Nervous System
Nine point one Introduction to the Nervous System
Nine point three Characteristics of Drugs to Treat Nervous System Disorders
Nine point one Introduction to the Nervous System
The Nervous System and the Human Body
Nine point two Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Overview of the Nervous System and Neurons
Peripheral Nervous System
Nine point three Characteristics of Drugs to Treat Nervous System Disorders
Nervous System Drug Properties
Autonomic Nervous System Stimulant and Blocker Characteristics
Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulant and Blocker Characteristics
Parasympathetic Nervous System Stimulant and Blocker Characteristics
CHAPTER Ten Drugs to Treat Myasthenia Gravis and Alzheimer's Disease
Ten point one. Introduction to Myasthenia Gravis
Pharmacological Management
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Reversible Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Differentiating Between Cholinergic Crisis and Myasthenic Crisis
Underdosing Versus Overdosing
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an indirect-acting reversible AChE inhibitor should not:
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Irreversible AChE Inhibitors
Ten point three Introduction to Alzheimer's Disease
Ten point three Introduction to Alzheimer's Disease
Pharmacological Management
Ten point four. Alzheimer's Drugs
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client using a rivastigmine transdermal patch should not:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Antagonist
Ten point four. Alzheimer's Drugs
Ten. Drugs to Treat Myasthenia Gravis and Alzheimer's Disease
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking a drug for AD should not:
Intravenous Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Five. A client taking donepezil has been prescribed a new drug. Which drug prescription should the nurse question?
Six. Which AChE inhibitor should be stopped immediately if the client notices a rash?
Eight. What indicates an optimal dosage of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for clients with myasthenia gravis?
Ten. The nurse should be prepared to administer which drug to a client experiencing a cholinergic drug overdose?
CHAPTER Eleven Drugs to Treat Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis
Eleven point two. Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs
Eleven point four. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Eleven point one. Introduction to Parkinson's Disease
Eleven. Drugs to Treat Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis
Eleven point one. Introduction to Parkinson's Disease
Nonpharmacologic Management
Eleven point two. Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs
Differences in Receptor Sensitivity
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eleven. Drugs to Treat Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Catecholomethyltransferase Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES The client taking a COMT inhibitor should:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eleven point three Introduction to Multiple Sclerosis
Nonpharmacologic Management
Treating an Acute Relapse
Eleven point four. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an interferon should not:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Sphingosine One-Phosphate Receptor Modulators
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an S one P receptor modulator should not:
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxant
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxant
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking a muscle relaxant should not:
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Structural Analogs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking a GABA structural analog should not:
CHAPTER Twelve Anticonvulsant Drugs and Drugs to Treat Epilepsy, Migraine Headaches, and Intracranial Emergencies
Twelve point one Epilepsy and Anticonvulsant Drugs
Twelve point three Intracranial Emergencies and Intracranial Emergency Drugs.
Twelve point one. Epilepsy and Anticonvulsant Drugs
Overview of Epilepsy and Seizures
Dosage and Routes of Administration
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Dosage and Routes of Administration
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twelve point two. Migraine Headaches and Migraine Headache Drugs
Overview of Migraine Headaches
Drugs Used to Treat Migraine Headaches
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
The most common ergot alkaloid used in the treatment of migraine headaches is ergotamine tartrate.
Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Antagonists
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twelve point three Intracranial Emergencies and Intracranial Emergency Drugs
Intracranial Emergency Overview
Intracranial Hypertension and Increased Intracranial Pressure
Nursing Interventions to Lower/Stabilize Increased Intracranial Pressure
Drugs Used for Intracranial Emergencies
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Client Teaching Guidelines
Seven. Which of the following statements is true about migraine headaches?
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Psychopharmacologic Drugs
Thirteen point one. Antidepressants
Thirteen point three. Mood Stabilizers
Thirteen point five. CNS Stimulants and Nonstimulants
Thirteen point one. Antidepressants
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Miscellaneous Antidepressants
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
The client taking an antidepressant should not:
Thirteen point two. Antipsychotics
First-Generation (Typical) Antipsychotics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Thirteen point three Mood Stabilizers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Atypical Antipsychotic for Bipolar Disorder
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Thirteen point four Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics
The most commonly used benzodiazepines are:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Similarly Named Drugs Associated with Benzodiazepines
Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Similarly Named Drugs Associated with Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotics Do not confuse:
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Thirteen point five CNS Stimulants and Nonstimulants
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Similarly Named Drugs Associated with CNS Nonstimulants
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Pain Response Drugs
Fourteen point one. Introduction to Pain. Fourteen point two. Nonopioid Analgesics. Fourteen point three. Opioid Agonists and Antagonists.
Fourteen point one. Introduction to Pain
Fourteen point one. Introduction to Pain
Fourteen point two. Nonopioid Analgesics
Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen Sodium
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Fourteen point three Opioid Agonists and Antagonists
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Substance Use Disorder Treatment Drugs
Fifteen point one. Introduction to Substance Use Disorders
Fifteen point three. Alcohol Use Disorder Drugs
Fifteen point one. Introduction to Substance Use Disorders
Introduction to Substance Use Disorders
Overview of Substance Use and Abuse
Fifteen point one. Introduction to Substance Use Disorders
Substance Use Disorders and Terminology
substances over a prolonged period. This adaptation means that the body becomes used to having the effect of the drug, and when that drug is removed, the body will develop a withdrawal reaction, known
Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders
Fifteen point two. Opioid Use Disorder Drugs
Drugs Used to Treat Opioid Use Disorders
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Assess for Most Recent Opioid Use
Benzodiazepines and Opioids
Fifteen point three. Alcohol Use Disorder Drugs
Drugs Used to Treat Alcohol Use Disorders
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Fifteen point four Nicotine Use Disorder Drugs
Drugs Used to Treat Nicotine Use Disorders
Nicotine (NicoDerm/Nicorette)
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Nicotine Replacement Therapy
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Assess for Changes in Dreaming in Clients Receiving Varenicline
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
Sixteen point one. Introduction to the Heart, Circulation, and Blood Flow Sixteen point two. Pumping Action of the Heart
Sixteen point one. Introduction to the Heart, Circulation, and Blood Flow
Sixteen point one. Introduction to the Heart, Circulation, and Blood Flow
Circulation and Blood Flow
Systemic Arterial Pressure
Sixteen point two. Pumping Action of the Heart
An Introduction to the Pumping Action of the Heart
Cardiac Output and Hemodynamics
Sixteen point three Conduction of Electrical Impulses
Electrical Conduction System of the Heart
The Conduction System of the Heart
Anterior View of Frontal Section
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Six. Which of the following carries an electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles in the healthy heart?
Seven. Which of the following terms describes the ability of cardiac tissue to act as the pacemaker of the heart?
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Antidysrhythmic Drugs
Seventeen point one. Introduction to Dysrhythmias
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Pulseless Electrical Activity
Management of Cardiac Dysrhythmias
Nonpharmacologic Management
Class One: Sodium channel blockers
Seventeen point two Class One: Sodium Channel Blockers
Flecainide and Propafenone
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Flecainide, Propafenone, Mexiletine, Procainamide
Seventeen point three Class Two: Beta Adrenergic Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Client Teaching Guidelines
Seventeen point four Class Three: Potassium Channel Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Client Teaching Guidelines
Seventeen point five. Class Four: Calcium Channel Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Seventeen point six. Unclassified Antidysrhythmics
Seventeen point six. Unclassified Antidysrhythmics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Antihypertensive and Antianginal Drugs
Eighteen point one Hypertension and Angina
Eighteen point three Angiotensin Two Receptor Blockers
Eighteen point five Calcium Channel Blockers
Eighteen point seven Nitrates
Eighteen point one Hypertension and Angina
Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Hypertension
Physical Activity and Exercise
Smoking Cessation and Reducing Alcohol Consumption
Assessing Client Lifestyle Modifications
Self-Monitoring of Hypertension
Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension
Assessing Therapeutic Effects
Pharmacologic Treatment of Angina
Eighteen point two Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, or ACE, Inhibitors
Eighteen point two Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, or ACE, Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eighteen point three Angiotensin Two Receptor Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eighteen point four Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eighteen point five. Calcium Channel Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eighteen point six. Diuretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eighteen point seven Nitrates
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER NINETEEN Heart Failure Drugs
Nineteen point one Heart Failure
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Classification and Staging of Heart Failure
Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Heart Failure
Physical Activity and Exercise
Smoking Cessation and Reducing Alcohol Consumption
Self-Monitoring of Heart Failure Symptoms
Pharmacologic Treatment of Heart Failure
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Nineteen point two Drugs Affecting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Angiotensin-Converting (ACE) Enzyme Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Angiotensin Receptor/Neprilysin Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
MRAs can cause significant hyperkalemia. The client should have their serum electrolytes monitored regularly while taking MRAs. If hyperkalemia occurs, the drug may have to be discontinued.
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Drugs Affecting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Nineteen point three Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Client Teaching Guidelines
Nineteen point four. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Two Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Nineteen point four. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter two Inhibitors (SGLT two Is)
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Nineteen point five. Diuretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Nineteen point six. Adjunct Medications Used in Heart Failure
Hydralazine and Isosorbide Dinitrate
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Common heart failure drug classifications were Key Terms
CHAPTER TWENTY Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs
Twenty point one. Introduction to Clotting and Coagulation Twenty point two. Anticoagulants Twenty point three. Antiplatelets Twenty point four. Thrombolytics
Twenty point one. Introduction to Clotting and Coagulation
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Ischemic Stroke (Cerebral Infarction)
Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Artery Disease
Twenty point two. Anticoagulants
Twenty point two point one. Identify the characteristics of the anticoagulant drugs used to treat thrombus formation.
Twenty point two point three. Describe nursing implications of anticoagulant drugs used to treat thrombus formation.
Anticoagulants Used as Blood Thinners
Injectable Anticoagulants
Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty point three Antiplatelets
P two Y twelve Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty point four. Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics to Break Down an Existing Clot
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER Twenty-one Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Twenty-one point two Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) and PCSK ninth Inhibitors
Twenty-one point four Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Twenty-one point one Introduction to Lipoprotein and Apolipoproteins
Lipids and Coronary Artery Disease
Twenty-one point two Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) and PCSK nine Inhibitors
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-one point three Bile Acid Sequestrants, Fibrates, and Niacin
Special Administration Instructions
Fenofibric Acid Derivatives
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-one point four Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor: Ezetimibe
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER twenty-two Cardiac Emergency and Shock Drugs
Twenty-two point one Introduction to Cardiac Emergencies and Shock
Twenty-two point three Shock Drugs
Twenty-two point one Introduction to Cardiac Emergencies and Shock
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Nonpharmacologic Treatment
Twenty-two point two Cardiac Emergency Drugs
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina Drugs
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Emergency dysrhythmias discussed in this chapter include:
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Amiodarone can cause pulmonary toxicity and swelling in the lungs.
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
General Nursing Implications for Cardiac Emergencies and Anaphylaxis
Twenty-two point three Shock Drugs
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Isotonic Intravenous Solution
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Three. At what rate should the nurse administer adenosine six milligrams IV to a client with supraventricular tachycardia?
Four. Which question should the nurse ask a client before administering nitroglycerin for chest pain?
Seven. Which therapeutic response would the nurse anticipate when administering epinephrine to a client in anaphylaxis?
Eight. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for in the client receiving dopamine by peripheral IV infusion?
Nine. The nurse in the cardiology clinic is caring for a client taking an antidysrhythmic medication for ventricular
Ten. What is the preferred route for administering epinephrine to a client with anaphylaxis who is in sinus tachycardia?
CHAPTER twenty-three Introduction to the Respiratory System
Twenty-three point one Introduction to the Upper Respiratory System
Twenty-three point three Oxygenation and Gas Exchange
Twenty-three point one Introduction to the Upper Respiratory System
Twenty-three point one Introduction to the Upper Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Conditions
Pharyngitis and Laryngitis
Twenty-three point two Introduction to the Lower Respiratory System
Twenty-three point two Introduction to the Lower Respiratory System
Twenty-three point three Oxygenation and Gas Exchange
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR Upper Respiratory Disorder Drugs
Twenty-four point one. Antihistamines and Decongestants
Twenty-four point three. Expectorants and Mucolytics
Twenty-four point one. Antihistamines and Decongestants
Twenty-four. Upper Respiratory Disorder Drugs
First-Generation Antihistamines
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Second-Generation Antihistamines
Table twenty-four point three lists common second-generation antihistamines and typical routes and dosing for adult clients.
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Phenylephrine vs. Pseudoephedrine
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-four point two Antitussives
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Cough Reflex and Antitussives
Antitussives and Older Adults
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-four point three. Expectorants and Mucolytics
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
. Twenty-four point three point four. Explain the client education related to expectorant and mucolytic drugs used to treat respiratory disorders.
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER Twenty-five Lower Respiratory Disorder Drugs
Twenty-five point one Adrenergics and Anticholinergics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Side Effects of Anticholinergics
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Drug Class Anticholinergic
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-five point two Corticosteroids
Drug Class Corticosteroid
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-five point three Xanthines, Leukotriene Modifiers, and Mast Cell Stabilizers
Twenty-five point three Xanthines, Leukotriene Modifiers, and Mast Cell Stabilizers
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CHAPTER twenty-six Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal Disorder Drugs
twenty-six point one Introduction to the Adrenal Cortex, Pituitary, and Hypothalamus
twenty-six point three Antidiuretic Hormones
twenty-six point one Introduction to the Adrenal Cortex, Pituitary, and Hypothalamus LEARNING OUTCOMES
Introduction to the Hypothalamus
twenty-six point one Introduction to the Adrenal Cortex, Pituitary, and Hypothalamus
Introduction to the Adrenal Cortex
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Twenty-six point two Growth Hormones and Suppressants
Growth Hormone Suppressants
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-six point three Antidiuretic Hormones
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Drug Class Antidiuretic hormone
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-six point four Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Hydrocortisone Administration
Table twenty-six point six lists common glucocorticoids and typical routes and dosing for adult clients.
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Five. A nurse is caring for a client with acromegaly. Which explanation of this disorder will the nurse give to the client?
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorder Drugs
Twenty-seven point one Introduction to the Thyroid and Parathyroid Twenty-seven point two Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs
Twenty-seven point one Introduction to the Thyroid and Parathyroid
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Twenty-seven point two Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs
Desiccated Thyroid Extract
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-seven point three. Calcium Preparations, Vitamin D, Bisphosphonates, Calcimimetics, and Peptide Hormones
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Client Teaching Guidelines
Six. Which laboratory findings would indicate to the nurse that a client has hypoparathyroidism?
Seven. A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. Which findings should the nurse expect to find?
CHAPTER Twenty-eight Diabetic Drugs
Twenty-eight point one Introduction to Diabetes Twenty-eight point two Insulin and Non-Insulin Injectable Diabetes Drugs Twenty-eight point three Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
Twenty-eight point one Introduction to Diabetes
Complications of Diabetes
Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1c or HbA1c)
Twenty-eight point two Insulin and Non-Insulin Injectable Diabetes Drugs
Insulin-Independent Double Checks
Intermediate-Acting Insulin
Administration of Insulin
Methods of Insulin Dosing
Insulin Pump and Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
Glucagon-Like Peptide-One Receptor Agonists
Glucagon-Like Peptide-One Receptor Agonists
Adverse Effects and Contraindications
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Twenty-eight point three Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
First-Generation Short-Acting Sulfonylureas
Second-Generation Sulfonylureas
Non-Sulfonylurea Biguanides
Metformin and Contrast Dye
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four Inhibitors
Selective Sodium Glucose Transporter Two Inhibitors
Fixed Combination Oral Diabetes Drugs
Liraglutide-Insulin Degludec
CLIENT TEACHING GUIDELINES
Eight. Which of the following insulins can be administered via an insulin pump?
CHAPTER Twenty-nine Introduction to the Digestive System
Twenty-nine point one Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System and Oral Cavity
Twenty-nine point three Introduction to the Small and Large Intestines
Twenty-nine point one Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System and Oral Cavity
Twenty-nine point one Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System and Oral Cavity
Twenty-nine point two. Introduction to the Esophagus and Stomach
Twenty-nine point three Introduction to the Small and Large Intestines
Small and Large Intestines
Common Drugs Used to Treat GI Conditions