CHAPTER sixteen
CHAPTER sixteen
EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND
THEIR ELIMINATION. Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions like sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, sulphate, either by metabolic activities or by other means like excess ingestion. These substances have to be removed totally or partially. In this chapter, you will learn the mechanisms of elimination of these substances with special emphasis on common nitrogenous wastes. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals. Ammonia is the most toxic form and requires large amount of water for its elimination, whereas uric acid, being the least toxic, can be removed with a minimum loss of water.
sixteen point one. Human Excretory System
sixteen point one. Human Excretory System sixteen point three. Function of the Tubules