BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE AND DRUG TRANSPORT
Two. Carrier mediated transport/Specialized transport
Two. Carrier mediated transport / Specialized transport
Three. Pinocytosis or vesicular transport
Factors affecting absorption
Presence of other substances in
Vascularity of absorbing surface
Ionization of drugs and local pH
Bioequivalent vs Biologically inequivalent
Factors Affecting Distribution
Rate of tissue blood flow (perfusion).
Onset and duration of action.
Termination of drug action.
Phase One reaction (Non polar -> polar).
B. Phase Two reaction (Non polar -> polar).
Microsomal Enzyme Inhibition.
Microsomal Enzyme Induction.
One. Microsomal Enzyme Inhibition.
Two. Tubular reabsorption.
Two. First order kinetics
Repeated Drug Administration
Monitoring of plasma concentration of drugs / Therapeutic drug monitoring
Principles of Drug Action
Two) Noncompetitive Inhibition
Types of Drugs based on intrinsic activity
One. G-protein coupled receptors, GPCR
Two. Receptors with intrinsic ion channel
Four. Transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptors
One. G-protein coupled receptors, GPCR
Two. Receptors with intrinsic ion channels
Five. Receptors regulating gene expression, Transcription factors.
DOSE RESPONSE CURVE, DRC.
COMBINED EFFECT OF DRUGS.
Non Competitive antagonism.
Fixed dose ratio combination preparations.
Over-the-counter drugs: OTC.
Somatic versus Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Versus Sympathetic Nervous system
Hydrolysis of Acetylcholine
Two. Nicotinic (N) → Ligand gated cation channel
CHOLINERGIC DRUGS (CHOLINOMIMETIC, PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC)
Mechanism of Action of Anticholinesterases
Two. Viceral Smooth muscle (M Three)
Five. Blood vessels (M Three)
Differences between Myasthenic crisis and Cholinergic crisis
Belladonna/ Dhatura -> anticholinergic drug
ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING
Management of Organophosphorus Poisoning
Two. Cholinesterase reactivators/ Oximes
Adverse effects / Contraindications
ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS (PARASYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS)
Two. Semisynthetic derivatives
One. Gastrointestinal conditions
INTRODUCTION TO ADRENERGIC SYSTEM Noradrenaline
Synthesis and Storage of Noradrenaline
Three. Extraneuronal uptake (uptake two)
Metabolism of catecholamines
Vasomotor reversal of Dale
Effect of adrenaline on BP
Adverse effects or Contraindications
a Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
Adverse effects or Contraindications
One. Selective Beta one blockers (cardioselective)
Advantages of Selective Beta one blockers (cardioselective)
Membrane stabilizing Beta blockers (Local anaesthetic action)
Beta-blockers with intrinsic sympatheomimetic (partial agonist activity)
Lipid insoluble Beta-blockers
Beta-blocker with a-blocking activity (Both a plus Beta blocker)
Classification of Anticancer Drugs
Cell cycle-specific (CCS)
Anticancer drugs decrease
Nine. Carcinogenicity (secondary malignancy)
B. PLATINUM COORDINATION COMPLEXES
Platinum-Containing Compounds
Folinic Acid Rescue/Leucovorin Rescue
Leucovorin rescue/ folinic acid rescue
E. TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS
I. Topoisomerase- two inhibitor
Two. Topoisomerase-one inhibitor
One. Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin), Doxorubicin and daunorubicin
TARGETED DRUGS FOR CANCER
m Autacoids and Related Drugs
Autacoids Versus Hormones Versus Neurotransmitters
Synthesis and degradation
Nine. Brain (H-three receptors)
SUMMARY Histamine agonist
Five HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE or SEROTONIN
Synthesis and degradation
Termination of action of five-HT
Pharmacological Actions, Uses, Adverse effects
Remember Drug Therapy of Migraine
PROSTAGLANDINS, THROMBOXANES, LEUKOTRIENES
Two. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Four. Zafirlukast, montelukast, iralukast.
Six. Daltroban and sulotroban.
Four. Zafirlukast, montelukast, iralukast.
PROSTAGLANDINS AND THROMBOXANE A two
Two. Primary pulmonary hypertension.
Four. To avoid platelet damage.
Six. Induction or augmentation of labour.
Eight. Cervical priming (ripening).
Seven. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ANTIPYRETIC-ANALGESICS
Six. Salicylism. Mild chronic intake lead to salicylism.
Acute salicylate poisoning.
Contraindications to Aspirin.
Contraindications CHAMPIONS KG.
Important properties of COX-2 inhibitors.
Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine.
Tofacitinib Introduction.
TNF alpha Inhibitors Introduction.
One. Uric acid Synthesis inhibitors.
Other Uric acid Synthesis inhibitors Febuxostat
Drugs Affecting Coagulation
DRUGS AFFECTING COAGULATION
COMMONLY USED TESTS FOR COAGULATION DISORDERS
Dose regulation and Monitoring
Five. Atrial fibrillation (AF)
Three. Dermatitis and skin necrosis
Treatment of bleeding due to oral anticoagulants
Two. History of heparin induced thrombocytopenia.
Four. Subacute bacterial endocarditis (risk of embolism)
Six. Aspirin and other antiplatelet drugs should be used very cautiously during heparin therapy.
b) Reduced anticoagulant action
One. Enzyme inhibitors -> inhibit warfarin metabolism.
B) Reduced anticoagulant action
ORAL DIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITOR
Two. Hepatobiliary disorders
PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
Dose regulation and Monitoring
One. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Three. Myocardial infarction
Five. Atrial fibrillation
Seven. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Three. Transient and reversible alopecia
Five. Hypersensitivity reactions are rare
Three. Transient and reversible alopecia
Five. Hypersensitivity reactions
Five. Chronic alcoholics, cirrhosis, renal failure.
Low Molecular Weight Heparins
Two. Thrombocytopenia is less frequent.
Four. Better subcutaneous bioavailability, seventy to ninety percent, compared to unfractionated heparin, twenty to thirty percent.
Since aPTT is not prolonged, laboratory monitoring is not needed.
Fondaparinux and Danaparoid
Two. It is longer acting, half-life seventeen hours.
Four. Fondaparinux is less likely to cause thrombocytopenia compared to even low molecular weight heparins.
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Platelet aggregation and adhesion
Abciximab, Eptifibatide, Tirofiban
Abciximab, Eptifibatide, Tirofiban
Two. Cerebrovascular disease.
Four. Venous thromboembolism.
Fibrinolytics, Thrombolytics.
Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase.
Four. Peripheral arterial occlusion
Two. H/o Ischaemic stroke in past three months
Four. Intracranial tumor/vascular abnormality/aneurysms
Structure of lipoproteins
HMG-CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS (STATINS)
LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVATORS, PPARA ACTIVATORS: FIBRATES
LIPOLYSIS AND TG SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR
STEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITOR
DRUGS AFFECTING RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
Other action of ACE enzyme
Blood Pressure Regulation
Drugs Affecting Renin-Angiotensin System
Two. Congestive Heart Failure
Three. Myocardial Infarction
Four. Prophylaxis in high cardiovascular risk
Five. Diabetic nephropathy
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
Two. Congestive heart failure
Three. Myocardial infarction
Four. Diabetic nephropathy
Two. Congestive heart failure
Three. Diabetic nephropathy
Two. Diastolic dysfunction
Three. Higher body demand
High output heart failure
Compensatory mechanism in failing heart
Compensation of heart failure
Increased mortality in congestive heart failure
One. Acute decompensated heart failure
Two. Chronic compensated or congestive heart failure, CHF
Two. Drugs to Reduce the Load of Heart Other drugs
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES Introduction
Digitalis Inhibition of Na plus K plus ATPase.
Adverse Effects (Digitalis Toxicity).
Factors predisposing Digitalis toxicity.
One. Inamrinone (previously called amrinone).
Adverse effects CAPTOPRIL
MOA of High celeing Diuretics.
Beta-adrenergic blockers.
Contraindications to beta blocker in congestive heart failure.
Synthesis and storage of ACh
Effects of vasodilatation
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Calcium channels
Two. Myocardial infarction
Four. Cardiac arrhythmias
Five. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
POTASSIUM CHANNEL ACTIVATORS
Two. Non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Two. Non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Three. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
DRUG THERAPY IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Three. Maintenance of blood volume, tissue perfusion and microcirculation.
Four. Correction of acidosis.
Five. Prevention and treatment of arrhythmias.
Seven. Prevention of thrombus extension, embolism, venous thrombosis.
Eight. Thrombolysis and reperfusion.
Nine. Prevention of remodeling and subsequent CHF.
Ten. Prevention of future attacks.
Blood Pressure Regulation.
One. Essential hypertension RAS is overactive.
Advantages to other antihypertensives.
Adverse effects Hypo PMNHC.
Advantages over other antihypertensives.
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS ARBs.
Advantages over other antihypertensives.
Advantages over other antihypertensives.
Advantages over other antihypertensives.
HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES AND URGENCIES
DRUG PREFERENCE IN PATIENT WITH CO-EXISITINQ MORBIDITY.
A B C D rule (first choice antihypertensive drugs).
British Hypertension Society Guidelines Stepped care approach four Steps.
Action Potential of Automatic fibre
Effective refractory period
EFFECTS OF ANS ON CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
One. Enhanced pacemaker activity
Enhanced pacemaker activity
Pacemaker activity appears in ordinary fibres
Three. After depolarizations
Two. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Four. Atrial fibrillation
Five. Ventricular tachycardia
Six. Ventricular fibrillation
Seven. Atrio-ventricular block
One. IA. Moderate Sodium channel blockers
Beta two SYMPATHOMIMETICS
One. MDI (Meter dose inhaler)
Three. Dry powder inhalation
Theophyllinate Hydroxyethyl
Two. Blockade of adenosine receptors
C) ANTICHOLINERGICS Classification
CHOICE OF TREATMENT IN ASTHMA
Two. Useless or non-productive (dry cough):
Two. Peripherally acting antitussives.
PULMONARY RECEPTOR DESENSITIZER
Physiology of Gastric acid formation and Secretion
Two. Stress ulcers and gastritis
Three. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Four. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Five. Prophylaxis of aspiration pneumonia
Ranitidine Versus Cemetidine
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI)
Colloidal bismuth subcitrate.
Antimicrobials against H. pylori.
DRUGS FOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.
One. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS.
ANTIEMETIC AND PROKINETIC DRUGS
One. Chemoreceptor trigger zone CTZ
Two. Nucleus tractus solitarius NTS
Four. Cortex higher centres
Two. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting PONV
Pathophysiology of gastrokinetic drugs.
One. Five-HT four agonism.
Three. Five-HT three antagonism.
Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.
Post-operative nausea and vomiting.
Two. Atonic constipation, sluggish bowel:
Two. Purgative or cathartic:
Psyllium, Plantago, and Ispaghula.
Also known as Surfactants or Emollients.
Docusates, Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.
Docusates, Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.
VALID INDICATIONS OF LAXATIVES
Four. Preparation of bowel
Five. After certain anthelmintics
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF LAXATIVES
Solutions recommended by World Health Organization for intravenous infusion
DRUGS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)
Five-Amino salicylic acid (five-ASA) compounds.
Normal Skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation.
SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS
B. Depolarizing blockers.
Based on duration of action.
B. Depolarizing blockers.
Depolarizing, Non-Competitive blockers.
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade
Using anticholinesterase (Neostigmine)
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
Using anticholinesterase (Neostigmine)
Classical or phase-one depolarizing block
Competitive neuromuscular blockers
Contraindications to Succinylcholine.
PERIPHERALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS -> DIRECTLY ACTING AGENTS
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
States of Action Potential
Voltage gated sodium channels
Two. Local anesthetic in Inflammation
Three. Addition of a vasoconstrictor
One. Central Nervous System
Two. Cardiovascular System effects
Four. Hypersensitivity reactions
TECHNIQUES OF LOCAL ANAESTHESIA
B. INFILTRATION ANAESTHESIA
Structures encountered during lumbar puncture
Factors affecting Level of anaesthesia
Advantages of spinal anaesthesia over general anaesthesia
F. INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL BLOCK (BIER'S BLOCK)
L A causing methhemoglobinemia.
Concentration of L A in different uses.
Decreasing Order of potency.
Decreasing order of duration.
Drugs acting on central nervous system.
Three. Antiparkinsonian Drugs.
Five. Antipsychotic and Antimanic Drugs
Seven. General Anaesthetics
Three. Stage Two unequivocal sleep
Four. Stage Three deep sleep transition
Five. Stage Four cerebral sleep
REM sleep paradoxical sleep
Barbiturates act by three Mechanisms
Three. Through AMPA receptors
Benzodiazepines Versus Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines are superior to Barbiturates
BENZODIAZEPINE ANTAGONIST
NON-BENZODIAZEPINE AGONISTS
Drugs Causing Disulfiram Like Reaction.
METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL, WOOD ALCOHOL)
Nine. Haemodialysis; clears methanol as well as formate and hastens recovery.
Aim of Treatment of parkinsonism.
Disadvantages of Peripheral conversion.
To overcome Peripheral conversion.
Addition of carbidopa to I-dopa therapy.
Two. Phenothiazines, butyrophenones, metoclopramide
Five. Antihypertensive drugs
Six. Atropine and anticholinergic drugs
· Activity of DA in Brain
· Activity of DA in Brain
Seven. Psychotic symptoms
PERIPHERAL DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITORS
Peripheral Decarboxylase Inhibitors
Problems not resolved or accentuated
One. Ergolines: Ergots with dopaminergic activity, Bromocriptine and pergolide
Non ergot dopamine agonist
Therapeutic effect in parkinsonism
GLUTAMATE (NMDA RECEPTOR) ANTAGONIST (DOPAMINE FACILITATOR)
Central Anticholinergics.
Two. Complex partial seizures
Drugs acting by this mechanism
GABA gamma amino butyric acid
MOA of benzodiazepines (BZDs)
MOA of Valproate and vigabatrine
Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs
Control of absence seizure
P four fifty interactions
BARBITURATE greater than PHENOBARBITONE
VALPROIC ACID (SODIUM VALPROATE)
LEVETIRACETAM Mechanism of action
GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN MANAGEMENT OF A SEIZURE
Mutilation/Medical Treatment
Four. Reactive depression
Five. Post-traumatic stress disorder
One. Schizophrenia (split mind).
Three. Mood (affective) disorders.
Three. Mood (affective) disorders.
Dopamine theory of schizophrenia.
Two. Atypical antipsychotics.
Six. Perioral tremors or Rabbit syndrome
Two. Prophylaxis in bipolar disorder
Principle of Antidepressant drugs
Classification of MAO inhibitors
Nonselective MAO inhibitors
Classification of Antidepressants
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)
SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SNRIs)
One. Endogenous (major) depression
Two. Obsessive-compulsive and phobic states
Five. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
Six. Premature ejaculation
Anxiolytic drugs versus Antipsychotics drugs
Cardinal features of general anaesthesia.
Stage two delirium or excitement.
Stage three, stage of surgical anaesthesia.
It is divided into four planes.
Stage four, stage of medullary paralysis.
Properties of an ideal anaesthetic
Potency of volatile anaesthetics
Blood: gas partition coefficient
Diffusion hypoxia, Fink effect
INDIVIDUAL INHALATIONAL ANAESTHETICS
· Fluorinated anaesthetics are->
Complications of General Anaesthesia.
Drugs Useful for Day Care Surgery.
OPIOID ANALGESICS AND ANTAGONISTS.
Phenanthrene derivatives.
High doses or rapid administration of Opioids.
Management of opioid dependence.
Opioid Toxicity / Acute morphine poisoning.
Treatment of acute poisoning.
One. Respiratory support, positive pressure.
PETHIDINE (MEPERIDINE) Introduction.
Pethidine versus Morphine.
HIGH CEILING DIURETICS / LOOP DIURETICS / LASIX
Four. Hypercalcaemia of malignancy
Five. Chemical in Toxication
MEDIUM EFFICACY DIURETICS / THIAZIDES DIURETICS
Summary -> Adverse effects
Compare -> Adverse effects
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS
Mnemonic > Potassium sparing Diuretic Uses at HEAPC
Antidiuretic Hormone - ADH (Argenine Vasopressin-AVP)
Regulation of ADH secretion
ADH (Vasopressin) receptors
Three. Vascular endothelium (V2)
B) Type of organisms against which primarily active
One. Based on the steps of translation on which drug act:
Two. Based on ribosome on which they act:
d) Interference with nucleic acid synthesis
Potency of antimicrobial drug
TETRACYCLINES, CHLORAMPHENICOL, AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS, MACROLIDES
Three. Antianabolic effect
One. Bone marrow depression.
Three. Gray baby syndrome
Five. Hypersensitivity reactions
Transport of aminoglycoside through bacterial cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, transport mechanism one.
Three. Neuromuscular blockade.
Four. Hypersensitivity reactions.
One. Motilin Receptor Agonist.
Four. Reversible Ototoxicity.
SULFONAMIDES, COTRIMOXAZOLE AND QUINOLONES.
Five. Hemolysis in patients with G six PD deficiency
Six. Hypersensitivity reactions
Advantages of Combination
SEMISYNTHETIC PENICILLINS
One. Acid resistant Alternative to Penicillin G
Three. Extended spectrum Penicillins
PENICILLINASE RESISTANT PENICILLIN
EXTENDED SPECTRUM PENICILLINS
Extended spectrum Penicillins
Mezlocillin Azlocillin Piperacillin
Carbenicillin Ticarcillin
Drugs Causing Disulfiram Like Reaction
Seven. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
Short course chemotherapy
Multidrug-Resistant and Extensive Drug-Resistant TB
One. Shorter oral bedaquiline-containing MDR/RR-TB regimen
Two. Longer oral M/XDR-TB regimen
Three. Bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid regimen
Isoniazid mono/poly drug resistant-T
Classification of Leprosy
Multidrug therapy of leprosy
Two. Type One lepra reaction Reversal reaction.
A. Tissue schizonticides.
CQ Resistance in P. falciparum.
Four. Hypoglycemia. To prevent hypoglycemia, i.v. infusion of quinine should be given in five percent dextrose.
Artemisinin-based combination therapy.
Treatment of malaria in pregnancy.
Parameters to be monitored.
Liposomal Amphotericin B.
Heterocyclic benzofurans.
Noncompetitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase.
TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
B. Treatment of superficial fungal infections.
B. Treatment of superficial fungal infections.
Enveloped and Non enveloped (Naked) Viruses
Antiviral therapy based on
ANTI-INFLUENZA VIRUS DRUGS
ANTI-INFLUENZA VIRUS DRUGS
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE
Thymidine nucleoside analogue.
· Simeprevir is metabolized by CYP3A4
DACLATASVIR AND LEDIPASVIR
C. HIV Genes and Antigens
NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
ZIDOVUDINE (AZIDOTHYMIDINE)
Adverse effects Pancreatitis and Neuropathy rare
Adverse effects renal toxicity
CD-four T lymphocyte zero one
ENTRY OR FUSION INHIBITORS
CCR-five RECEPTOR INHIBITOR
TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION
Objectives of Antiretroviral Therapy
Criteria for Anti-HIV Treatment
FIRST-LINE ART REGIMEN IN ADULTS
Changing a failing regimen
SECOND-LINE ART REGIMEN IN ADULTS
Antiretroviral drug combinations to be avoided
PROPHYLAXIS OF HIV INFECTION
Pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection
B. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
· Metronidazole (Prototype)
Adverse effects Mnemonic -> GBS RANA.
MOA -> Diloxanide Furoate.
Eight - HYDROXY QUINOLINES.
Classification of Diabetes mellitus.
Type two diabetes mellitus.
Other harmones, Incretins.
Pathogenesis of Type two DM.
· Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs.
B) Based on duration of action.
One. Conventional insulin.
Two. Highly purified or monocomponent insulins.
Based on duration of action.
Hypoglycaemic unawareness
Indications of insulin in diabetes mellitus.
Three. Potassium chloride.
Four. Sodium bicarbonate.
C. Hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycaemic coma.
Hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycaemic coma.
Newer Insulin Delivery Devices.
Nonspecific side effects.
alpha- GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS.
Type two Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.
Indications of insulin use in Type two Diabetes Mellitus
Levels of regulation of HPA axis
GLUCO plus MINERALOCORTICOID
One. Carbohydrate metabolism.
So that brain continues to get its nutrient.
Thirteen. Immunological and allergic responses.
One. Acute adrenal insufficiency.
Two. Chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease).
Three. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (Adrenogenital syndrome).
B. Pharmacotherapy (for nonendocrine diseases)
Seven. O- Organ transplantation
Four. T- To test HPA axis Nine. B- Bronchial asthma
Twelve. S- Severe allergic reaction
Sixteen. I- Infective disease
Three. Lung disease. Respiratory distress syndrome
Four. To test HPA axis function.
Five. Intestinal diseases.
Seven. Organ transplantation and skin allograft.
Eight. Autoimmune diseases.
Twelve. Severe allergic reactions.
Fifteen. Adrenal insufficiency.
Chronic adrenal insufficiency, Addison's disease.
Ten. Emotional/mood disturbances
Eleven. Rise in blood pressure
Twelve. Obesity (truncal)
Thirteen. Increased hair grow
Normal thyroid anatomy and physiology
Two. Oxidation and iodination.
Four. Storage and release.
Five. Peripheral conversion of T four to T three.
Actions of thyroid hormone
Five. Papillary carcinoma of thyroid.
Inhibit iodide trapping. Ionic inhibitors.
Inhibit hormone release. Iodine and Iodides.
Two. Chronic overdose. Iodism.
Mnemonic for estrogen forms.
Endocrine: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone regulation.
Osteoporosis decrease (inhibits bone reabsorption).
Uterine contractility increase.
One. Post menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy.
Three. Replacement therapy in hypo-ovarian conditions.
Five. Testosterone dependent carcinoma prostate.
Nine. Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy.
Harmful effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy.
Two. To avoid undesired pregnancy as oral contraceptive.
Three. Replacement therapy in hypo-ovarian conditions.
Four. Menstrual disorders.
Nine. Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (SERMS)
PROGESTERON AND RELATED DRUGS
Antiglucocorticoid action
One. Combined pills (classical or balanced)
Three. Minipill (Progestin only pill)
Four. Postcoital (emergency) contraception
INJECTABLE HORMONES / DEPOT FORMULATIONS.
DMPA (Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate).
NET-EN: Norethisterone Enanthate.
Uses / Benefits of oral contraceptives.
A. Effects due to estrogen component.
B. Effects due to progestin.
C. Effects due to both estrogen as well as progestin.
D. Adverse effects with long-term use or high doses.
Relative Contraindications.
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE
Two. Action on mammary glands.
Two. Action on mammary glands.
Risk associated with induction of labor.
Precautions taken before oxytocin.
Contraindications to medical induction of labor.
Differences between Oxytocin and Ergotamine.
Relax uterine smooth muscle one.
Uterine Relaxants (Tocolytics)
ANDROGENS AND RELATED DRUGS
MOA, Uses, Adverse effects
Cyproterone acetate and flutamide MOA,
Finasteride and dutasteride MOA,