Hematology Reviewer (Lecture 1)

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HEMATOLOGY REVIEWER (Lecture one) I. HEMATOLOGY Definition

Hematology is the study of blood, blood-forming organs, blood diseases, and laboratory tests used to diagnose and monitor these disorders. Importance

Diagnoses anemia and polycythemia

Detects infections

Evaluates bleeding and clotting disorders

Monitors treatment

II. BLOOD

Average Blood Volume: five liters in a healthy adult. Functions of Blood

Function

Hemostasis

Component Description

RBCs Erythrocytes

Platelets Thrombocytes

IV. RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCs) Definition

Characteristics

Function

V. HEMOGLOBIN (Hb) Definition

Important Concept

Blood after Centrifugation

X. RBC INDICES

XI. RETICULOCYTES Definition Immature red blood cells. Characteristics

Purpose

XII. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES) Function Protect the body from:

XIII. WBC MOVEMENT

Neutrophils

First responders during bacterial infection. Band Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Lymphocytes Provide adaptive immunity.

Monocytes and precursor of macrophage

XV. PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES) Characteristics

Hemostasis (Stopping Bleeding)

XVI. BLOOD FILM EXAMINATION (Peripheral Blood Smear)

Procedure

Stains

XVII. HISTORY OF HEMATOLOGY

Contribution

PATIENT SAFETY IN HEMATOLOGY AND HEMOSTASIS

II. WHY IS PATIENT SAFETY IMPORTANT IN THE LABORATORY?

Outcome

Clinical Significance Laboratory errors can:

III. HEALTH CARE QUALITY Definition

Four. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITY HEALTH CARE

Goal

Five. ESSENTIAL COMPETENCIES FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS One. Interprofessional Teamwork Meaning

Two. Evidence-Based Practice Meaning

Three. Patient-Centred Care Meaning

Two. PLASMA MEMBRANE

Three. MEMBRANE PROTEINS Transmembrane proteins

Cytoskeletal proteins

Glycoprotein

Four. GLYCOCALYX AND BLOOD CELL MARKERS

Functions of glycocalyx

Surface antigens

CD system

Five. NUCLEUS

Six. CHROMATIN

Outer nuclear membrane

Nuclear pore complexes

Eight. NUCLEOLUS

Nine. CYTOPLASM

Ten. RIBOSOMES

Main function

Polyribosomes

Eleven. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Functions

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Functions

Twelve. GOLGI APPARATUS

Functions

Cis face

Trans face

Protein modifications

Thirteen. MITOCHONDRIA

Cristae

Function

Why are cristae important?

Proton pumps

Hematology

Lysosomal storage diseases

Fifteen. CYTOSKELETON

Structure

Microfilaments

Eight to ten nanometers Structural stability

Microtubules

Made primarily of actin.

Intermediate filaments

Examples:

Microtubules

Functions

Sixteen. Centrosomes and Centrioles

Function

Seventeen. Membrane Transport

Passive transport

Active transport

Eighteen. Simple Diffusion

Nineteen. Facilitated Diffusion

Twenty. Osmosis

Twenty-one. Primary Active Transport

RBC example

Twenty-two. Secondary Active Transport

Symport

Antiport

Twenty-three. Vesicular Transport

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Twenty-four. Cell Communication Gap junctions

Twenty-five. Types of Signaling

Twenty-six. Signal Transduction Basic sequence

First messenger

Examples:

Possible cellular effects

Twenty-seven. Three Major Plasma Membrane Receptors

Important in:

Two. G-protein-coupled receptors

Three. Enzyme-linked receptors

Example: FLT3 receptor

Twenty-eight. Cell Adhesion Molecules CAMs

Functions:

Examples:

Integrins

Can signal:

Twenty-nine. Cell Cycle

Thirty. Mitosis

Prometaphase

Thirty-one. Cell Cycle Checkpoints

G one checkpoint

S checkpoint

G two checkpoint

Metaphase checkpoint

Thirty-two. Cyclins and CDKs

Important:

TP fifty-three

Thirty-three. Cell Death

Causes:

Morphology:

Apoptosis

Cell:

XXXIV. APOPTOSIS PATHWAYS Extrinsic pathway

Examples:

Intrinsic pathway

Execution phase

XXXV. APOPTOSIS REGULATORS Antiapoptotic

Proapoptotic.

XXXVI. HEMATOPOIETIC MICROENVIRONMENT

Stromal cells.

XXXVII. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

Examples of proteoglycans:

E C M functions.

XXXVIII. GROWTH FACTORS

Synergism.

Important example.

XXXIX. HIGH-YIELD HEMATOLOGY CONNECTIONS

R B C plus mitochondria.

R B C plus cytoskeleton.

Example.

Leukocyte plus lysosome.

Hematopoiesis plus mitochondria.

Hematopoiesis plus apoptosis.

Overview

The text provides an extensive overview of hematology, covering definitions, blood components, their functions, measurements, and the significance of patient safety within laboratory settings. It also discusses the analysis procedures used in hematology.

Key Points

1Hematology is the study of blood and related disorders
2Understanding blood components is crucial for diagnosis and treatment
3Patient safety is essential to avoid errors in laboratory tests
4Accurate measurement of hemoglobin concentration is vital for treatment decisions
5Quality healthcare relies on evidence-based practices and effective communication among professionals.

Details

Category: Health and Medicine

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