6u7q-2026-02-09_06_34_36-hes-010-p2-week-1-module-10-lecture-notes.pdf
HES ten HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
SCOPE OF THE LABORATORY ACTIVITY:
One point two. Physiology of the Nervous System
One. THE HUMAN REFLEX ARC Materials Needed:
ASCENDING SENSORY FUNCTION
ASCENDING TRACTS - pathways that transmit information via action potentials from the periphery to various parts of brain
TYPES OF ASCENDING TRACTS AND THEIR FUNCTION
SENSORY AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL
SENSORY AND MOTOR AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
SENSORY REGIONS (BEHIND CENTRAL SULCUS):
AUDITORY AND VISUAL AREAS:
ASSOCIATION AREAS - cortical adjacent to primary sensory area; involved in the process of recognition.
SENSORY AND MOTOR AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
TWO MOTOR NEURONS INVOLVED IN VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS:
TWO MOTOR NEURONS INVOLVED IN VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS:
Functions: Premotor Cortex/Surface Motor Cortex versus Primary Motor Cortex
Feedback Loops / Circuits from Neural Circuits of Basal Nuclei:
BASAL NUCLEI - FEEDBACK LOOPS
INHIBITORY CIRCUIT EXAMPLE (PREVENTING RANDOM MOVEMENTS) Scenario: You're sitting quietly, reading a book.
Balance and Muscle Tone: Maintains posture and readiness of muscles.
HOW MANY HEMISPHERE DOES OUR BRAIN HAS?
TWO MAJOR CORTICAL AREAS INVOLVED IN THE SPEECH
Motor speech area (Broca area)
TWO MAJOR CORTICAL AREAS INVOLVED IN THE SPEECH
BRAIN WAVES and CONSCIOUSNESS
BRAIN WAVES and CONSCIOUSNESS
Three. LONG-TERM MEMORY - can store for only a few minutes or become permanent.
LIMBIC SYSTEM and EMOTIONS
Anatomy of the Limbic System
Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater
THE CEREBRO- SPINAL FLUID
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
DISEASES and DISORDER OF NERVOUS SYSTEM