COMPILED NOTES OF FOUNDATION TO SOCIOLOGY NTA-NET SOCIOLOGY twenty twenty-five
Where did Sociology as a discipline emerge?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND COMMON SENSE?
How to think Sociologically? Sociological Imagination by C Wright Mills, nineteen fifty-nine
SUBJECT MATTER OF SOCIOLOGY ACCORDING TO ALEX
THREE PILLARS BEHIND EMERGENCE OF SOCIOLOGY
Non-western emergence of Sociology in fourteenth century?
Ibn Khaldun on Society and State Formation
Timeline leading to emergence of Sociology in Europe
Robert Bierstedt's Nature of Sociology
One. Formal, Specialist School of Sociology
Two. Synthetic School of Sociology
CHRONOLOGY OF THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIOLOGY
Also known as: Medieval Period or Middle Ages
Two. Renaissance, fourteenth to seventeenth century
Three. Scientific Revolution, sixteenth to eighteenth century
Four. Enlightenment, seventeenth to eighteenth century
Five. French Revolution (seventeen eighty-nine to seventeen ninety-nine)
Six. Industrial Revolution (seventeen fifty to eighteen fifty onwards)
Key contributions by two philosophers:
One. Structure Functionalism/Functionalism
Bronislaw Malinowski - Pure Functionalist
A.R. Radcliffe-Brown - Structural Functionalist
Two. Conflict Perspective
Conflict Theory (विरोध सिद्धांत)
One. Foundations and Background
Blumer's Three Premises of Symbolic Interactionism
Two. Core Assumptions of Structuralism
Foundation to Sociology: thirty/seventh/2025
Second Wave Feminism (nineteen sixties - nineteen eighties)
Third Wave Feminism, nineteen nineties to two thousands
Fourth Wave Feminism, twenty twelve to present
Key Figures and Movements:
Two. Marxist Feminism, mid nineteenth century to present
Three. Radical Feminism, nineteen sixties to nineteen eighties
Four. Socialist Feminism, nineteen seventies to present
Five. Psychoanalytic Feminism, nineteen seventies to nineteen eighties
Six. Black Feminism, nineteen seventies to present
Seven. Ecofeminism, nineteen eighties to present
Eight. Standpoint Feminism, nineteen eighties to present
Nine. Cultural Feminism, nineteen eighties to present
Ten. Postmodern Feminism, nineteen eighties to present
Eleven. Dalit Feminism, nineteen nineties to present
Five. Based on size and complexity, Spencer divided societies into:
Three. Vilfredo Pareto (Italian)
Social Forms and Interactions:
The Metropolis and Mental Life:
Analysis of Morals and Social Institutions
Theory of Progress and Social Reform
Religion and Secular Morality
Foundation to Indian Sociology
Two. Institutionalization of Sociology (nineteens forties)
Three. Post-Independence Expansion (fifties seventies)
Four. Diversification and Critical Approaches (eighties two thousands)
Socio-Political background: British
British Sociology and Ameliorism:
Humanist Perspective in Sociology
Social Constructionism Social constructionism is the theoretical approach that argues that social realities,
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit ten: Culture and Symbolic Transformations
Theories of Signs and Symbols
Two Defining feature of linguistic signal:
Important Work: Course in General Linguistics
Deconstruction of Saussure's Stability
(Semiotics) Charles Sanders Peirce
Claude Levi-Strauss - Structuralism and Mythology Key Concepts:
Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalytic Symbolism Key Concepts:
Arnold van Gennep - Rites of Passage Key Work: The Rites of Passage
Victor Turner - Expansion of Van Gennep's Theory
Mary Douglas, British anthropologist, is best known for her book Purity and Danger.
Purity, Pollution, and Social Order
Carl Gustav Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, founder of Analytical Psychology.
Key Elements: Archetypes: Universal symbolic patterns or images.
The two percent CSR (corporate social responsibility) Rule in India
From Voluntary Charity to Institutionalized Moral Economy
Perspectives and thinkers of Education theory
Functionalist Perspective
Commodification of Rituals
Secularism and Secularisation
Sacred vs. Secular (in Becker's framework, influenced by Durkheim)
Western Definition of Secularism
Indian Definition of Secularism
Two. Major Features / Changes
T N Madan on Indian secularism
Rajeev Bhargava on Indian secularism
Two. Equal Respect / Sarva Dharma Sambhava
Three. Multi-value, Not Single-value
Ashis Nandy on Indian secularism
T.K. Oommen's six dimensions of communalism
Assimilationist Communalism
Secularism, as an ideology, consists of the following five ideas.
Concepts by R. W. Connell/Bob Connell
Connell: Hierarchy of Masculinities
Two. Complicit Masculinity
3. Marginalized Masculinity
Four. Subordinate Masculinity
Five. Emphasized Femininity (Connell's addition)
Everything about Religion
Emile Durkheim on Religion
Animatism / Manaism (R.R. Marrett) Belief in an impersonal supernatural force (called Mana) which is not linked to spirits or deities but is a universal magical power, controllable through rituals.
MAGIC, SCIENCE AND RELIGION
Malinowski - Magic, Religion and Science
Established Sects: Milton Yinger and Bryan Wilson
New Religious Movements (NRM)
Eschatology means a new world will emerge after a whole new violent destruction, apocalypse or disaster.
Peter Berger gave three types of Cults:
Roy Wallis gives three different types of NRMs:
World-Rejecting Movements
World Accommodating Religions
World Affirming movements
Concept Meaning in English Example
Polytheism Belief in the existence of Hinduism, Ancient Greek Religion many gods and deities.
Lesser known theories and thinkers on religion
Important terms related to religion
Six. Collective Conscience (Durkheim)
Rational Choice Theory (RCT) of religion
History of Technological Development
One. Prehistoric and Early Technologies
Two. The Agricultural Revolution
Three. The Industrial Revolution
Four. The Digital Revolution
Evolution of Technology / प्रौद्योगिकी का विकास
Two. Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)
Three. Actor-Network Theory (ANT)
Four. Marxist and Political Economy Approaches
Five. Critical Theory of Technology
Six. Cultural and Media Theories of Technology
Seven. Postcolonial and Feminist Theories of Technology
Technological Evolution Theories
Changing notions of Time and Space
Edward T. Hall - The Hidden Dimension (1966) and the Theory of Proxemics
Michel Foucault - "Of Other Spaces" (1967/1984) and the Concept of Heterotopia
Theories of time and space (continued)
Achille Mbembe's concept of Necropolitics
VIRTUAL COMMUNITY THEORIES
Barry Wellman - Networked Individualism
Sherry Turkle - Identity and Community in Cyberspace
Zizi Papacharissi - Networked Publics
Other major media theories
Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer
Theory, Key Ideas and Books
Cultivation Theory Thinker: George Gerbner
Media Framing Thinker: Gregory Bateson
Interesting concepts related to media
Unit Nine: Science, Technology and Society (Part Four): January Ninth, twenty twenty-five
Technology and Changing Family Relations.
Technology and Changing Health Systems.
Important Concepts Related to Cybercrime
Technology and Emerging Political Processes
Public Sphere (Jürgen Habermas adapted to digital age)
GK and facts related to politics
Globalisation and its theories
Important Theories by Jean Baudrillard
Science and Technology Policies in India
Features of network society by Manuel Castells
Other uncommon aspects of Globalisation
Confusing Books/भ्रमित करने वाली किताबें
Theoretical Approaches: Structure-Functionalist, Alliance and Cultural
Cultural Symbolic and Interpretive Approach
Indological Approach in Sociology
Types of Family in terms of residence
Types of Family in terms of authority
Types of Family by structure
Types of Family by Lineage
Types of Family by Inheritance
Four. Matrilineal Inheritance
Types of Kinship by Degree
Three. Putative or Fictive Kinship
Family, Marriage and Kinship Part two
One. Exogamy versus Endogamy
Special types of marriages that are allowed/विशेष प्रकार के विवाह जिनकी अनुमति है:
Family, Marriage and Kinship Part three
Famous typologies of family:
Two. Carle Zimmerman (Family and Civilisation, nineteen forty-seven)
Three. Frederich Le Play's typologies
Five. Young and Wilmott: Symmetrical Family
Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, twenty twenty-one
Plastic sexuality: Anthony Giddens
Nineteen twenty-nine - Child Marriage
Nineteen forty-nine Amendment
Nineteen seventy-eight Amendment
Alliance Theory: Claude Levi-Strauss
Elementary Structure (Claude Lévi-Strauss)
Complex Structure (Claude Levi-Strauss)
Cultural approaches/सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिकोण
Concept of Relatedness (Janet Carsten):
Case Study - Langkawi (Malaysia):
Core Argument: Marilyn Strathern critiques the sharp divide between biology and culture in kinship studies.
New patterns in kinship studies/रिश्तेदारी अध्ययन में नए पैटर्न
Types of Domestic Violence
Three. Psychological/Emotional Violence
Four. Economic/Financial Violence
Five. Neglect. Common in cases of elderly abuse, child abuse, or denying care/medical treatment.
One. Structural-Functionalism
Two. Conflict Theory (Marxist/Feminist)
Laws on Domestic Violence in India
Two. Section four hundred ninety-eight A, Indian Penal Code.
Three. Dowry Prohibition Act, nineteen sixty-one
Four. Section three hundred four B, Indian Penal Code.
Family, Marriage and Kinship Part five.
Matrilateral Cross-Cousin Marriage
Important confusing terms
SOCIOLOGY OF HONOUR KILLING
MARRIAGES IN HINDUS AND MUSLIMS
Kanyavrat / Havan Mantras
NAMBUDIRIS (ILLOM) AND NAYARS (TARAWAD)/नंबूदिरिस (इलोम) और नायर (तारावद)
Grounds for Divorce (Sec. thirteen)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JUDICIAL SEPARATION AND DIVORCE
Miscellaneous added points from students
Types of Muslim marriages-
Two. Nikah-e-Fasid (Irregular Marriage)
Three. Nikah-e-Misyar (Contemporary form, common in Gulf countries)
Marriage ritual- Khutba (Sermon)
IMPORTANT CASES ON TALAQ-
GK kinship marriage and family
The Hindu Succession Act nineteen fifty-six has incorporated the following kinship terms:
Matrilineal family in India
KHASIS: MEHGALAYA/ASSAM - JAYANTIA HILLS
GAROS: MEHGALAYA/ASSAM PALAV RU
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit Seven: Environment and Society
Environment and Society Part One (Twenty-First of September Twenty Twenty-Five)
Environmental Possibilism
Ecology is the study of the interrelationship between organisms and their environment
Major approaches of environmental ecology
Feminist Environmental movements:
Ecological Feminism (different from Western Ecofeminism):
Origins of Environmental Sociology
Difference between New Ecological Paradigm and Ecological Modernisation Theory
Ethnomedicine and indigenous traditions
PANCHAYATS (EXTENSION TO SCHEDULED AREAS) ACT nineteen ninety-six
Environment and Society Part three
Major theories on the environment in depth
Legislation on Environment
Jadav Payeng (Forest Man of
Environmental degradation
Types of Environmental Degradation
Degradation of Water Sources
Deterioration of Air Quality
What is Environmental Conservation?
Disaster management and response
Important International Events/महत्वपूर्ण अंतर्राष्ट्रीय घटनाएँ
More constitutional provisions/अधिक संवैधानिक प्रावधान:
Declared on private/community land for biodiversity protection.
Central Pollution Control Board
State Pollution Control Boards
Uncommon Environmental Movements in India/भारत में असामान्य पर्यावरण आंदोलन
National Disaster Management Plans in India
Types of Natural Disasters
National Electric Mobility Mission
Famous Global Environmental NGOs
More policies on displacement and land rights
MAJOR THEORIES OF EXCHANGE
Two. DIFFERENCE WITH PETER BLAU
Richard Emerson - Social Exchange Theory
WELFARE STATE VS NEOLIBERALISM
Economy and Gender concepts
Feminization of the Workplace
Female Proletarianisation
Formal vs Informal Economy in Sociology
Key Concept One: Footloose Labour
Key Concept Three: Labour Bondage
Patronage and Exploitation: Changing Agrarian Relations in South Gujarat
The Labouring Poor in India: Patterns of Exploitation, Subordination and Exclusion
On Pauperism in Present and Past
Difference Between Organised and Unorganised Sectors in India
Robert Blauner - Types of Alienation
Major Types of Alienation
Melvin Seeman - Types of Alienation
Major Types of Alienation
Automation and Robotics -
Meaning of Poverty in Sociology
Types of Poverty in Sociology
Absolute and Relative Poverty - Seebohm Rowntree and Peter Townsend
Social Exclusion in Sociology
Factors Increasing Poverty
Indirect Taxes vs Direct Taxes
The Beveridge Report and the Birth of the Modern Welfare State, nineteen forty-two
Meaning of Dependency Culture
Public Opinion and Perception
Structural Causes of Poverty
Thinker: R. H. Tawney, nineteen thirty-one and nineteen sixty-four
William Julius Wilson, nineteen ninety-six
Herbert Gans - Major Books and Theories in Sociology
Two. Major Book: The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans, nineteen sixty-two
Theories and Types of Property in Sociology
Types of Property in Sociology
Sociological Theories and Definitions of Property
Intellectual Property and Unique Property Systems in Sociology
John Urry - "The Tourist Gaze", nineteen ninety
Role of Religion and Pilgrimage
Indian Tourism in Numbers (twenty twenty-two to twenty twenty-three)
Government Initiatives and Policies
Major Labour Laws and Amendments in India (Chronologically with Focus)
Mode of Production Debate in India
Broad Changes in the Mode of Production
Committees on poverty in India
Social Capital Theories comparison of Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman and Robert Putnam
Economy and Society (Extra Miscellaneous Notes for self-reading)
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit Five: State, Politics and Development
Three Elements of State by Weber: One. Territoriality Two. Violence Three. Legitimacy
Three Types of Political Culture
Political Socialization Theory
Government and Governance
Governance as 'Good Governance'
Neo-Liberal Governance (Post-eighties)
Theories of Origin of State
Social Contract Theory in detail
John Locke - Limited Government and Natural Rights
Important Sociological Theories of Lipset and Bendix
Social Mobility and Industrial Society
Contemporary View (Post-nineteen nineties)
Civil Society as Market Sphere (Philosophy of Right)
Civil Society and Hegemony (Prison Notebooks)
Global and Digital Civil Society
Important Theories and Concepts of Antonio Gramsci in Sociology
Civil Society and Political Society
Types of Government in Sociology
A form of government where power is vested in a single ruler (king or queen), usually hereditary.
Political Party vs. Interest Group
Gabriel A. Almond's Classification of Interest Groups
One. Community Interest Groups
Maurice Duverger's Classification of Interest Groups
Two. On the Basis of Nature of Function
Acephalous and Cephalous Societies
Types of Citizenship Acquisition
The Citizenship Act, nineteen fifty-five and Its Amendments
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS - FEATURES, PARTICIPANTS and TYPES
PEOPLE SUSCEPTIBLE TO SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Relative Deprivation Theory
David Aberle's types after studying American Navaho Indians
Six. Operation (Failure or Success) of Social Control
T. K. Oommen (twenty ten): Approaches and Classifications of Social
Oommen's Historical Link to Classical Thinkers
Partha N. Mukherji (twenty ten): Theoretical Framework for Social
Essentials of a Social Movement
Types of movements by Ghanshyam Shah
Types of movements in modern era by Anthony Giddens
Empirical studies on social movements
Stages of Social Movement by Herbert Blumer
Two. Popular Excitement / Coalescence Stage
Three. Formalization / Institutionalization Stage
Four. Decline / Institutionalization or Disintegration Stage
Five. Protest / Revolutionary Crowd
Major International Organisations
Articles Related to Scheduled Castes
Articles Related to Other Backward Classes
Article three hundred thirty-eight B
Additional Provisions for Tribal Areas
One hundred threerd Amendment
One hundred fourteenth Amendment
One hundred sixth Amendment
Short notes on social movements chronology Chronology of Reform Movements
All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) Formation
Extra concepts and facts added as homework from students
Shift from hierarchical government to network-based governance (public-private partnerships, NGOs, civil society).
Digital Democracy- Use of technology for citizen participation in politics.
Book / Author Contribution / Relevance
Miscellaneous books related to Unit Five (extra)/इकाई पाँच से संबंधित विविध पुस्तकें (अतिरिक्त)
India's International Borders
Four. India-Bhutan Border
Six. India-Myanmar Border
Eight. India-Afghanistan Border
All important committees on health in India
Doubt on India's citizenship through naturalisation process
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit Four: Rural and Urban Transformations
Difference between rural urban continuum theory and rural urban dichotomy theory
Definitions and Rural Sociology in India
Features of the Caste System
Major Studies and Sociologists:
Revenue Systems in British India
Reasons for the Failure or Limited Success:
P.C. Joshi's Three Approaches to Land Reforms (nineteen seventy-five)
Two Radical Nationalist Approach
Agrarian class structure classifications
Beginning of Urban Sociology
Georg Simmel - The Father of Urban Sociology
Robert Redfield - The Folk-Urban Continuum
Louis Wirth - Urbanism as a Way of Life
Ernest W. Burgess - Contributions to Sociology
Saskia Sassen - Global City Theory
Key Features of a Global City
Examples of Global Cities
Henri Lefebvre - Right to the City
David Harvey - Cities, Capitalism, and Urban Resistance
Political, Economic, and Intellectual Centres (Urbanization and the Future of Cities)
Manuel Castells: Major Theories and Books in Urban Sociology
Ashish Bose: Push-Back Factors and BIMARU States
Temporary migration linked to agricultural or construction seasons.
THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN COMMUNITY BY R D MCKENZIE
Indian thinkers contribution to urban sociology
M. S. A. Rao (Urban Sociology in India)
Nature of Urbanisation in India
Critique of Western Model /
Regional Sociology / क्षेत्रीय समाजशास्त्र
Environmental Concerns / पर्यावरणीय चिंताएँ
Wealth Distribution / संपत्ति का वितरण
Moral Concern / नैतिक चिंता
Census two thousand eleven was the fifteenth National Census of India.
Census Commissioners (Historical)
nineteen oh one - H. H. Risley nineteen eleven - E. A. Gait nineteen thirty-one - J. H. Hutton
Sex Ratio (two thousand eleven)
Definition of Urban Area (Census two thousand eleven)
Little Community (Robert Redfield) :-
Village Deities (Gram Devata) :-
Urban Metabolism (Marxist Urbanists) :- How cities consume and transform resources.
Urban Imaginary (Henri Lefebvre) :- How cities are imagined, experienced, and symbolically represented.
Moral Order of the Village (M.N. Srinivas) :- Traditional values and social cohesion sustaining village life.
Father of Rural sociology:
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit Three: Basic Concepts and Institutions
Radcliffe-Brown's Distinction
Social Structure (Concrete)
Structural Form (Abstract)
Concepts of Talcott Parsons
Four Components of Social System
Parsons' Four Types of Social Structure
Norms, Values, Mores, Folkways, Taboo
More concepts related to Role and Status
Basic Concepts and Institutions : Part three
Six features of diaspora by William Safran
Inter-generation al mobility
Horizontal Social Mobility
Turner's Theory: Contest and Sponsored Mobility.
Industrial Society and Mobility (Lipset, Bendix, Parkin)
One. CLASSICAL and GLOBAL STUDIES
Affluent Worker Hypothesis
FUNCTIONALIST THEORIES OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Functionalism views
One. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore - Functional Theory of Stratification
Peter Blau and Otis Duncan: Status attainment model
David V. Glass's theory of social mobility
Social Stratification: Conflict Theories Melvin Tumin
Max Weber theory of social stratification
More theories of stratification
Peter Saunders types of equality
Features of the Estate System
Interactional and attributional model
Status reputational model Lloyd Warner
Criticisms to Marx's primitive communism classless society
Ralf Dahrendorf's theories on class
Dahrendorf: Types of Classes (Skilled-Semi-Skilled-Unskilled)
THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN SOCIOLOGY
Three. Factors Influencing Social Change
Evolutionary Theories of Social Change
Cyclical Theories of Social Change
Pareto's Theory of Circulation of Elites
Vico's Three Cycles of History, Corsi e Ricorsi
Extra points: Social Institution of Economy
Classification of Economy
Economy in simple societies can be divided into four types:
Basic Concepts and Institutions: Part Seven, twenty-one November twenty twenty-five
Three. Syndyasmian Family
Important Works and Theories Related to Family
I.P. Desai: Types of Family in India
One. Nuclear Family: The smallest family consisting of wife, husband and unmarried children.
Critical Reflections on Family
Basic Concepts and Institutions: Part Eight, twenty-three November twenty twenty-five
Major committees on tribes in India
Two. State with Highest Scheduled Tribe population absolute number
SAFEGUARDS FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES GENERAL PROVISIONS
SPECIAL SAFEGUARDS FOR TRIBAL LANDS AND CUSTOMS
NTA NET SOCIOLOGY TWENTY TWENTY FIVE
Research Methodology in Sociology
Features of Social Sciences
Deductive Logic Aristotle
Inductive Logic Francis Bacon
POSITIVISM AND HERMENEUTICS
Émile Durkheim (Scientific Sociology)
Logical Positivism (Twentieth Century)
Epistemology and Ontology
Synthetic A Priori Judgements
Max Weber: Value Relevance and Value Reflexivity
Pierre Bourdieu - Epistemic Reflexivity
Alvin Gouldner - Reflexive Sociology and Domain Assumptions
Paul Feyerabend: Epistemological anarchy
Karl Popper: Falsifiability
Falsification A theory is scientific only if it can be proven wrong; science advances by rejecting false hypotheses.
Research Methodology and Methods Part three (twenty-six November twenty twenty-five)
Type one and Type two errors in research
Research Methodology and Methods Part Four, November twenty-eighth, twenty twenty-five
Applied Research: Solves real-life problems. Example: Developing a new teaching method to improve learning outcomes.
Middle Range Theory by Robert King Merton
RESEARCH METHODS VS RESEARCH TOOLS/TECHNIQUES
Comte's Historical Method
TYPES OF RESEARCH TOOLS/TECHNIQUES
Key Features of Ethnography
Classic Associated Thinkers
Six. Allochronic Discourse (Johannes Fabian)
Seven. Women Writing Culture (Ruth Behar and Deborah Gordon)
Eight. Writing Culture / Ethnographic Allegory (James Clifford and George Marcus)
Features of survey method
A. Participant Observation
B. Non-Participant Observation
Seven. LIFE HISTORY METHOD
Eight. ORAL HISTORY METHOD
Steps of doing a research
Steps of doing data analysis
What is coding and how to do coding?
Types of Qualitative Data Analysis
Narrative Analysis - Understanding stories, life histories, and personal accounts.
Discourse Analysis - Examining language, communication, and social meanings.
Ethnographic Analysis - Interpreting cultural patterns, practices, and observations.
Descriptive Statistics - Mean, median, mode, percentages, frequency distribution.
Correlation Analysis - Measuring the relationship between variables.
Multivariate Analysis - MANOVA, factor analysis, cluster analysis.
Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
Measures of Central Tendency
Properties of Arithmetic Mean -
Demerits of Arithmetic Mean -
Three. Features of Median
Meaning of Measures of Dispersion
Formula Interquartile Range equals Q three minus Q one.
TYPES OF ATTITUDINAL SCALES.
Parametric Test versus Non-Parametric Test
Spearman Rank Correlation
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Chi-Square Test (chi-squared)
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
TYPES OF RESEARCH MISCONDUCT
Uncommon recent questions.
A. Randomized Two-Group Design.
Question: Arrange the building blocks of theory in order:
Difference between bibliography and references.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Tools -
COMPILED NOTES OF UNIT ONE: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Major Works and Academic Career
Collective Conscience and Collective Representations
Important Books and Concepts
Professional Groups as Moral Regulators
Seven. nineteen twenty-four - Sociology and Philosophy
Verstehen, Interpretive Understanding
D. Types of Authority, Herrschaft
One. Traditional Authority, based on customs.
WEBER, ROUTINISATION OF CHARISMA
Outcomes of Routinisation
F. Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism
Class, Status, Party, Three Dimensions of Stratification
Weber on Religion, Comparative Sociology of Religions
One. Zweckrational Action, Instrumentally Rational Action
Rationalization and Disenchantment
MAX WEBER, TYPES OF RATIONALITY
Features of Protestant Ethic, especially Calvinist
Elective Affinity, Key Weberian Concept
The "Person of Vocation," Berufsmensch
Weber, Paths to Salvation
Max Weber, Books and Key Concepts
Max Weber's Inspiration from Wilhelm Dilthey
Max Weber, Chronological List of Books
Major Sociological Theories of Karl Marx
Six. Base-Superstructure Model
Hegel, Dialectics and Dialectical Idealism
Historical Materialism and Dialectical Materialism, Marx's Methods
Primary Classes in Capitalism
Revolutionary Role of the Proletariat
MARX'S THEORY OF LABOUR POWER
Labour Power as a Commodity
Conditions for Labour Power to Become a Commodity
MARX'S ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK
MARX'S MODES OF PRODUCTION
Six. Asiatic Mode of Production (AMP) एशियाई उत्पादन तरीका
Unit One: Sociological Theory Part Four (Fourteenth December Twenty Twenty-Five)
Theory Surplus labour Labour theory
Why Labour Creates Value?
Creation of Surplus Value (M')
Constant versus Variable Capital
Overproduction and falling rate of Profit
The Communist Manifesto (Eighteen Forty-Eight)
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit One: Structure-Functionalist and Structuralist Thinkers
Structure Functionalist and Structuralist Thinkers Bronislaw Malinowski
Culture as an Instrumental Apparatus
Bronislaw Malinowski: Psychological and Individual Functionalism
Ethnography and Participant Observation
Malinowski types of needs
Institution and Its Elements
Bronislaw Malinowski: Basic Needs and Cultural Responses
Definition of Science (Implicit)
Bronislaw Malinowski - Kula Ring
Core Theoretical Position
B. Malinowski vs Radcliffe-Brown - Functionalism
British Functional Approach and Critique of Evolutionism
Structure Functionalist and Structuralist Thinkers Radcliffe Brown
Need for causal documentation
Talcott Parsons' Theory of Pattern Variables
Two. Self-Orientation < > Collectivity-Orientation
AGIL Functions, Systems, and Institutions
Latency Pattern Maintenance
Parsons Theory of Social Action
Talcott Parsons - Sick Role Theory
Rights of the Sick Person
Obligations of the Sick Person
Obligation to seek competent help
Relation to Functionalism
Robert K. Merton - Modes of Adaptation.
C. Cultural Goals and Institutional Means.
Robert K. Merton - CUDOS Framework Norms of Science.
A. Meaning of Serendipity Merton.
B. Serendipity Pattern Merton's Analytical Context.
Methodological Importance.
Two. Postulate of Universal Functionalism.
B. Most Important Theories and Concepts of Claude Levi-Strauss.
Mythologiques Project - Core Logic.
Claude Lévi-Strauss - Theory of the Culinary Triangle.
The Three Poles of the Culinary Triangle.
B. Concept of the Bricoleur.
Claude Levi-Strauss: Social Structure - Three Distinctions
Experimentation on models
Two. Conscious versus Unconscious Character of Models
Three. Mechanical versus Statistical Models
Lévi-Strauss's preference
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit one: Hermeneutic Thinkers.
Four Basic Steps of Primitive Act.
Later stage of socialisation.
Core method of interpretive anthropology.
Ideology, Particular and Total.
Free-Floating Intelligentsia or creative Intelligentsia.
Four types of utopia by Karl Mannheim.
सामाजिकशास्त्र में व्यावहारिकता
दृष्टिकोणों की परस्परक्रिया
सामान्य ज्ञान की वास्तविकता
दैनिक जिंदगी की वास्तविकता
चार जीवनमूल्य के क्षेत्र समय और स्थान पर आधारित
अल्फ्रेड शुट्ज के पुस्तकें
Documentary Method of Interpretation
BREACHING EXPERIMENT: TIC-TAC-TOE GAME
Most Important Theories and Concepts of Erving Goffman
Post modern / Post Structuralist / Post Colonial Thinkers
Most Important Theories of Pierre Bourdieu
Practice Theory (Structure-Agency Bridge)
Symbolic Power and Symbolic Violence
Cultural Reproduction and Education
Outline of a Theory of Practice
Taste, class, cultural capital
Unit One: Sociological Theory Part fourteen
Foucault Knowledge and Power Relation
Subjectivity and Technologies of the Self
Second Dimension: Non-Decision-Making Power
Episteme (Historical A Priori of Knowledge)
Discourse (Power/Knowledge in Action)
Genealogy (Power, Knowledge, and the Body)
Discipline and Surveillance (Panopticon)
Unit One: Sociological Theory Part Fifteen, twenty-second December twenty twenty-five
Importance of Practical Consciousness
In Short: Structuration Theory
Modernity and Globalisation
Time-Space Separation (or Time-Space Distanciation)
Theory of Communicative Action
Colonization of the Lifeworld
Habermas: Knowledge-Constitutive Interests
Three types of capitalism
Constitutional Patriotism
The Postnational Constellation
A society structured by interconnected digital networks
COMPILED NOTES OF Unit One: Indian Thinkers
G. S. Ghurye - Major Theoretical Contributions
Methodological Orientation
Place in Indian Sociology
Views on Indian Civilization
Champaran Satyagraha (nineteen seventeen) - Peasants' movement against indigo plantation exploitation in Bihar.
Salt Satyagraha / Dandi March (nineteen thirty) - Protest against salt tax; symbolised economic injustice.
Books Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi/महात्मा गांधी से प्रेरित पुस्तकें
Law as Instrument of Social Change
Critique of Gandhian Village Ideal
Major books and key thoughts-
Ambedkar's most radical text argues that caste is sustained by religious ideology, especially Brahmanical scriptures. He insists that social reform is impossible without destroying caste itself, rejec
Ambedkar on the Hindu Code Bill
Major provisions proposed