One. Discuss the Modernist Theories about the Emergence of Nations and Nationalism. Twenty-five Marks Introduction
Major Modernist Theories One. Ernest Gellner's Theory
Two. Benedict Anderson's Theory
Three. Eric Hobsbawm's Theory
Four. Karl Deutsch's Communication Theory
Significance of Modernist Theories
Two. Critically Discuss the Various Definitions of Nations and Nation-States. Twenty-five Marks Introduction
Ernest Renan's Definition
Benedict Anderson's Definition
Anthony D. Smith's Definition
Critical Discussion Strengths of Cultural Definitions
Strengths of Political Definitions
Problems with Nation-State Concept
Three. What are the Non-Modernist Theories of Nationalism? What is Their Importance? Twenty-five Marks Introduction
Major Non-Modernist Theories One. Primordialism
Importance of Non-Modernist Theories One. Emphasis on Historical Continuity
Three. Better Understanding of National Identity
Four. Relevance to Colonial Societies
Five. Complementing Modernist Approaches
One. Why did Some National Liberation Movements Stick to the Path of Non-Violent Struggles While Others Resorted to Violence to Counter Colonial Rule? Twenty-five Marks Introduction
Factors Behind Non-Violent Struggles One. Influence of Leadership
Two. Availability of Political Space
Factors Behind Violent Struggles One. Colonial Repression
Three. Revolutionary Ideologies
References Two. Discuss the Intellectual and Social Origins of Nations in Asia and Africa. Twenty-five Marks. Introduction
Intellectual Origins One. Western Education
Social Origins One. Emergence of New Middle Classes
Three. Social and Religious Reform Movements
References Three. Discuss the Economic Contexts of Some Nationalist Movements. Twenty-five Marks. Introduction
Economic Exploitation under Colonialism One. Drain of Wealth
Two. Destruction of Indigenous Industries
Economic Contexts in Selected Nationalist Movements
Relationship Between Nationalism and Economic Development
One. Discuss the Main Differences between the Colonialist and Nationalist Views on Indian Nation and National Movement. Twenty-five Marks. Introduction
Two. What are the Basic Points of the Marxist Historiography on Indian Nationalism? Twenty-five Marks.
Main Features of Marxist Historiography
Three. Role of the Indian Bourgeoisie
Four. Economic Exploitation
Six. National Movement as Anti-Imperialist Struggle
Bipan Chandra and Sumit Sarkar
Bipan Chandra's Perspective
Sumit Sarkar's Perspective
Bipan Chandra and Sumit Sarkar
One. Discuss the Interpretation of Indian Nationalism Given by the Cambridge School. Twenty-five marks.
Major Historians of the Cambridge School
Two. Importance of Local and Regional Politics
Three. Patron-Client Relationships
Four. Limited Role of Ideology
Five. Continuity with Colonial Politics
Two. How do the Subaltern Historians View the Phenomenon of Indian Nationalism? Twenty-five marks.
Two. Autonomous Domain of Politics
Three. Importance of Popular Movements
Four. Critique of Nationalist Leadership
Five. Alternative Understanding of Nationalism
Three. Briefly Discuss the View of C.A. Bayly and Rajat Ray on Indian Nationalism. Twenty-five Marks
Two. Historical Roots of Nationalism
Three. Role of Public Sphere
Two. Indigenous Capitalism
Three. Nationalism as a Broad Historical Process
One. Discuss the Causes of the Revolt of eighteen fifty-seven. What was the Immediate Cause? Twenty-five Marks
Three. Social and Religious Causes
Two. What Were the Reasons for the Failure of the Revolt of eighteen fifty-seven? Twenty-five Marks
Two. Limited Geographical Spread
Three. Absence of Common Ideology
Four. Lack of Modern Weapons
Five. Support to the British
Six. Better Communication and Transport
Seven. Financial Strength of the British
Three. Did the Revolt Have Any Impact on the Future British Rule over India? Explain. Twenty-five Marks
Two. Queen Victoria's Proclamation of eighteen fifty-eight
Three. Reorganization of the Army
Four. Policy toward Princes
Five. Divide and Rule Policy
Six. Administrative Changes
Four. Describe the Beginning and Spread of the Revolt of eighteen fifty-seven. Twenty-five Marks
One. Discuss the Role of Intellectuals in the Emergence of Indian Nationalism. Twenty-five Marks
Emergence of a New Intellectual Class
Contributions of Intellectuals
Two. Economic Critique of Colonialism
Three. Development of National Consciousness
Five. Formation of Political Organizations
Six. Social and Religious Reform
Two. Can British Administrative Measures be Considered an Important Factor in the Rise of Nationalism in India? Twenty-five Marks
Administrative Measures and Their Impact
Two. Modern Transport and Communication
Four. Civil Services and Administrative Exclusion
Five. Repressive Laws and Policies
Six. Ilbert Bill Controversy eighteen eighty-three
Seven. Partition of Bengal nineteen zero five
Three. Discuss the Views of Various Historians on the Phenomenon of Nationalism in India. Twenty-five Marks
One. Nationalist Historians
Three. Bipan Chandra's Interpretation
Five. Subaltern Historians
Six. C. A. Bayly and Rajat Ray
One. What is Economic Nationalism? Discuss the Views of its Earliest Proponents. Twenty-five Marks
Meaning of Economic Nationalism
Earliest Proponents of Economic Nationalism
Significance of Economic Nationalism
Two. Who Were the Important Economic Nationalist Thinkers in India? What Did They Think About Colonialism? Twenty-five Marks
Important Economic Nationalist Thinkers
Two. Mahadev Govind Ranade
These thinkers generally believed that:
Three. Discuss the Views of Early Nationalists in India on Drain of Wealth and Lack of Industries in India. Twenty-five Marks
Dadabhai Naoroji's Contribution
Views on Lack of Industries
Proposed Solutions by Early Nationalists
Forms of Cultural Resistance
Two. Social and Religious Reform Movements
Three. Development of National Literature
Four. Promotion of Indigenous Languages
Five. Educational Initiatives
Six. Reinterpretation of History
Two. In What Ways Was the Early Cultural-Ideological Resistance Related to Nationalism? Twenty-five Marks
Relationship between Cultural Resistance and Nationalism
Two. Development of Collective Identity
Three. Revival of Historical Consciousness
Four. Role of Literature and Press
Five. Social Reform and National Regeneration
Six. Basis for Political Nationalism
Three. What Were the Limitations of Cultural-Ideological Resistance in a Colonial Situation? (Twenty-five Marks)
Two. Excessive Glorification of the Past
Four. Lack of Direct Political Challenge
Five. Dependence on Colonial Institutions
Six. Regional Limitations
Seven. Failure to Address Economic Exploitation Fully
Historical Significance Despite Limitations
One. What Were the Factors Which Led to the Rise of the Swadeshi Movement? (Twenty-five Marks)
Factors Leading to the Rise of the Swadeshi Movement
Two. Growth of National Consciousness
Three. Economic Nationalism
Four. Dissatisfaction with Moderate Politics
Six. International Influences
Two. Describe the Variety of Protest Activities Undertaken During the Course of the Swadeshi Movement. (Twenty-five Marks)
Two. Promotion of Swadeshi Goods
Three. Public Meetings and Demonstrations
Four. National Education Movement
Five. Use of Songs, Literature, and Cultural Programmes
Six. Participation of Students
Seven. Women's Participation
Eight. Passive Resistance
Nine. Revolutionary Activities
Three. Discuss the Reasons for the Decline of the Swadeshi Movement. (Twenty-five Marks)
Two. Surat Split (nineteen oh seven)
Three. Arrest of Nationalist Leaders
Four. Limited Social Base
Five. Organizational Weaknesses
Six. Economic Difficulties
Seven. Rise of Revolutionary Activities
Eight. Annulment of Bengal Partition (nineteen eleven)
Historical Significance Despite Decline
One. Discuss the Impact of the First World War on India. (twenty-five Marks)
Montagu Declaration promised the gradual development of self-governing institutions in India.
Two. Write a Note on the Home Rule Leagues. (twenty-five Marks)
Establishment of Home Rule Leagues
Three. What was the Rowlatt Act? Why was it Unpopular among the Nationalists? (twenty-five Marks)
What was the Rowlatt Act?
Four. Write a Note on the Events Related to the Jallianwala Bagh. (twenty-five Marks)
Gandhi's Experiences in South Africa
Two. Development of Satyagraha
Three. Experimentation with Mass Politics
Four. Importance of Non-Violence
Five. Concept of Civil Disobedience
Six. Community Living and Self-Discipline
Champaran Satyagraha, nineteen seventeen
Kheda Satyagraha, nineteen eighteen
Ahmedabad Mill Workers' Strike, nineteen eighteen
Three. Discuss the Various Views on the Significance of Gandhian Movements Before the Non-Cooperation Movement. Twenty-five Marks
Nationalist Interpretation
Two. Expansion of Mass Politics
One. Discuss the Nature of the Khilafat Movement and its Role in the Formation of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Twenty-five Marks
Nature of the Khilafat Movement
Two. Anti-Imperialist Character
Role in the Formation of the Non-Cooperation Movement
Two. Adoption of Non-Cooperation
Four. Promotion of Hindu-Muslim Unity
Two. What was the Programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement? Twenty-five Marks
Programme of the Movement
Two. Boycott of Law Courts
Three. Boycott of Legislative Councils
Four. Boycott of Foreign Goods
Five. Renunciation of Titles
B. Positive Programme (Constructive Work)
Two. Development of Village Industries
Three. National Education
Five. Removal of Untouchability
Suspension of the Movement
Three. What Were the Major Achievements of the Non-Cooperation Movement? Twenty-five Marks
Two. Emergence of Gandhi as National Leader
Three. Growth of National Consciousness
Four. Strengthening of Hindu-Muslim Unity
Six. Popularization of Swadeshi and Khadi
Seven. Weakening of British Legitimacy
Eight. Political Education of the Masses
Nine. Foundation for Future Movements
One. Discuss the Early Developments of Revolutionary Movement in India. Twenty-five Marks
Background of Revolutionary Nationalism
Early Revolutionary Centres
Two. What Were the Differences Between HRA and HSRA? Twenty-five Marks
Less emphasis on socialism
Influenced by Irish revolutionaries
Three. Discuss the Ideology and Activities of the Revolutionaries During the Late Nineteen Twenties and Early Nineteen Thirties. Twenty-five Marks
Ideology of the Revolutionaries
Four. Scientific and Rational Thinking
Four. Revolutionary Propaganda
Five. Lahore Conspiracy Case
Six. Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh
One. What was the Background to the Formation of Swaraj Party? (twenty-five Marks)
Background to the Formation of Swaraj Party
Two. Imprisonment of Gandhi
Three. Debate within Congress
Favoured participation in legislative councils.
Four. Gaya Congress Session (nineteen twenty-two)
Five. Formation of Swaraj Party
Main Features of Swarajism
Swarajists contested elections to colonial legislatures.
Three. Continuation of Nationalist Struggle
Four. Constitutional Agitation
Five. Preservation of Congress Unity
Three. How did Swaraj Party Contribute to the Growth of the National Movement? (twenty-five Marks)
Contributions of the Swaraj Party
Three. Obstruction of Colonial Administration
Four. Defence of Civil Liberties
Five. Promotion of National Unity
Seven. Preparation for Future Movements
Four. What was the Essence of Gandhi's Constructive Programme? (twenty-five Marks)
Meaning of Constructive Programme
Three. Removal of Untouchability
Six. Women's Participation
Seven. Sanitation and Public Health
One. What Were the Factors Responsible for the Launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement? (Twenty-five Marks)
Factors Responsible for the Launch
Two. Appointment of the Simon Commission (nineteen twenty-seven)
Three. Nehru Report and Constitutional Deadlock
Four. Declaration of Poorna Swaraj
Six. Gandhi's Eleven Demands
Two. Violation of Salt Laws
Three. Boycott of Foreign Goods
Four. Non-Payment of Taxes
Six. Resignation from Government Services
Seven. Participation of Women
Eight. Forest Law Violations
Nine. Demonstrations and Public Meetings
Ten. Dharasana Salt Satyagraha
Three. Analyse the Successes and Failures of the Civil Disobedience Movement. (Twenty-five Marks)
Successes of the Movement
Two. Spread of Nationalism
Three. International Recognition
Four. Women's Participation
Five. Challenge to British Authority
Six. Gandhi-Irwin Pact (nineteen thirty-one)
Seven. Political Education
The immediate objective of complete independence remained unfulfilled.
Three. Limited Participation of Some Groups
Four. Failure of the Round Table Conferences
Five. Withdrawal of the Movement
One. How did the Indian Nationalists React to the Formation of the Simon Commission? (Twenty-five Marks)
Two. Growing Nationalist Aspirations
Two. Support from Other Organizations
Three. Lahore Demonstration
Four. Demand for an Indian Constitution
Two. Discuss the Features of the Nehru Report. (Twenty-five Marks)
Main Features of the Nehru Report
Two. Parliamentary Government
Six. Universal Principles of Democracy
Seven. Independent Judiciary
Radical Nationalist Criticism
Three. Discuss the Provisions of the Government of India Act, nineteen thirty-five. Why did the Congress Criticise It? (Twenty-five Marks)
Three. Dyarchy at the Centre
Five. Bicameral Legislature
Six. Separate Electorates
Seven. Special Powers of Governors
Eight. Establishment of Federal Court
Why Did Congress Criticise the Act?
Three. Continuation of Separate Electorates
Four. Excessive Safeguards
Five. Undemocratic Features
Six. Strengthening of Colonial Control
Various Trends Within the Nationalist Movement
Six. Socialists and Communists
Reasons for the Failure of the Liberals
Two. Lack of Mass Support
Three. Rise of Gandhian Politics
Four. Association with Colonial Institutions
Five. Growth of Radical Nationalism
Two. Discuss the Ideas of and Relationship Between Socialists and Communists. Twenty-five Marks
The Communist Party of India was founded in nineteen twenty-five.
Relationship Between Socialists and Communists
Three. Write a Note on the Dandi March and Its Impact on the Nationalist Movement. Twenty-five Marks
Violation of the Salt Law
Impact on the Nationalist Movement
Three. Participation of Women
Four. International Attention
Five. Challenge to Colonial Authority
One. Describe the Nature of the Princely States in British India. Twenty-five Marks
Meaning of Princely States
Main Features of the Princely States
Three. Administrative Diversity
Four. Economic Conditions
Six. Relationship with National Movement
Two. Discuss the Various Forms of Democratisation Movement Undertaken by People in the Princely States. Twenty-five Marks
Causes of Democratisation Movements
Two. Economic Exploitation
Three. Influence of Nationalism
Four. Growth of Education
Forms of Democratisation Movements
Two. Civil Liberties Campaigns
Peasants protested against:
Six. All India States People's Conference
Seven. Cooperation with Congress
Integration with National Movement
Preparation for Integration
One. Discuss the Ways in Which the Congress Prepared for the Elections in nineteen thirty-seven. (Twenty-five Marks)
Preparations Made by Congress
Two. Formation of Parliamentary Boards
Three. Election Manifesto
Four. Mass Contact Campaign
Five. Mobilization of Volunteers
Six. Emphasis on Nationalist Issues
Why It Was a Success for Congress
Three. Weakening of Colonial Claims
Four. Opportunity to Govern
Five. Strengthening of National Movement
Two. Rise of the Muslim League
Three. Discuss the Achievements of the Congress Ministries. (Twenty-five Marks)
Three. Educational Reforms
Four. Labour Welfare Measures
Five. Promotion of Local Self-Government
Seven. Demonstration of Administrative Capability
One. Limited Constitutional Powers
Two. Financial Constraints
Three. Colonial Bureaucracy
Four. Public Expectations
Five. Economic Difficulties
Six. Political Opposition
Seven. Contradiction Between Nationalism and Colonial Rule
Eight. Threat of Governor's Intervention
One. Why Did the Congress Ministries in the Provinces Resign? (Twenty-five Marks)
Reasons for the Resignation
Two. Demand for Self-Government
Three. Rejection of Congress Demands
Four. Protest Against Colonial Rule
Five. Ideological Opposition
Two. What Steps Did the British Colonial Government in India Take to Counter the Nationalist Demands? (Twenty-five Marks)
Steps Taken by the British Government
Two. August Offer (nineteen forty)
Three. Encouragement of Communal Politics
Four. Cripps Mission (nineteen forty-two)
Five. Use of Emergency Powers
Six. Divide-and-Rule Policy
Three. Write a Note on the Individual Satyagraha Started by the Congress in This Period. (Twenty-five Marks)
Two. Opposition to Unilateral War Policy
Nature of Individual Satyagraha
Two. Demonstration of Non-Violent Protest
Three. Large-Scale Arrests
Four. Prelude to Quit India Movement
One. What Were the Immediate Factors Which Prompted the Launch of the Quit India Movement? (Twenty-five Marks)
Immediate Factors Responsible for the Launch
Two. Unilateral Involvement of India in World War Two
Three. Growing Frustration with British Rule
Four. Wartime Economic Hardships
Five. Fear of Japanese Invasion
Six. Demand for Immediate Independence
Seven. Bombay Resolution (nineteen forty-two)
Two. Discuss the Basic Aims of the Quit India Movement. (Twenty-five Marks)
Basic Aims of the Movement
Two. Achievement of National Freedom
Three. Mobilization of the Masses
Five. Assertion of Democratic Rights
Six. Strengthening National Unity
Seven. Non-Violent Resistance
Three. Describe the Regional Spread of the Quit India Movement. Twenty-five Marks
Seven. Karnataka and Andhra
Nine. Parallel Governments
One. Discuss the Activities of Subhas Chandra Bose in Europe. Twenty-five Marks
Major Activities in Europe
Three. Formation of the Indian Legion
Five. Promotion of International Awareness
Two. How Was the First Indian National Army Formed? What Was the Problem in Its Operation? Twenty-five Marks
Formation of the First Indian National Army
Problems in Its Operation
Three. Discuss the Main Features of the Azad Hind Fauj or the Second Indian National Army. Twenty-five Marks
Main Features of the Second Indian National Army
Two. Formation of the Provisional Government
Three. Nationalist Ideology
Four. Military Organization
Five. Rani of Jhansi Regiment
Six. Campaigns in Northeast India
Four. What Was the Impact of the Indian National Army on India's Freedom Struggle? Twenty-five Marks
Three. Impact on the Armed Forces
Four. Royal Indian Navy Revolt
Five. Weakening of British Confidence
Six. Strengthening National Unity
One. Describe the Political Situation During the Forty-Five to Forty-Six Elections in India
Major Political Developments
(c) Labour and Working-Class Movements
(d) Royal Indian Navy Revolt, Forty-Six
(f) Urban Demonstrations and Hartals
Three. What Was the Role of the Congress with Respect to the Popular Movements During Forty-Five to Forty-Seven?
(b) Participation in Constitutional Negotiations
(c) Response to Labour and Peasant Movements
(d) Attitude Towards the RIN Revolt
(e) Managing Communal Tensions
(f) Preparing for Transfer of Power
One. Write a Short Note on the Simla Conference (nineteen forty-five)
Objectives of the Conference
Failure of the Conference
Two. What Were the Results of the Elections of nineteen forty-five to forty-six? What Did They Prove?
What Did the Results Prove?
(b) Muslim League's Dominance Among Muslims
(c) Political Polarization
(d) Basis for Future Negotiations
The Great Calcutta Killings
Spread of Communal Violence
Impact on Indian Politics
(b) Weakening of Constitutional Solutions
(c) Strengthening the Demand for Partition
(d) Interim Government Difficulties
One. Why Did the Congress Accept the Partition of India?
Reasons for Accepting Partition
(b) Muslim League's Demand for Pakistan
(e) Desire for Early Independence
(d) Moral and Spiritual Intervention
How Far Was He Successful?
Three. Discuss the Role of the Muslim League During This Period (forty-five to forty-seven)
Rise of the Muslim League
Success in the forty-five to forty-six Elections
Role in Constitutional Negotiations
Cabinet Mission Plan (forty-six)
Participation in the Interim Government
One. Discuss the Views of Various Historians Regarding the Relationship Between Nationalism and Peasantry
Cambridge School Historians
Kheda Satyagraha (nineteen eighteen)
Impact of Non-Cooperation Movement
Formation of Kisan Sabhas
Three. Discuss the Association of Nationalism with the Peasant Movements in UP and Bihar During the Nineteen Twenties and Nineteen Thirties
Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha
Relationship with Nationalism
Four. What Was the Nationalist Strategy with Regard to the Peasant Movements?
(a) Mobilization Against Colonial Rule
(b) Emphasis on Non-Violence
(c) Balancing Different Interests
(d) Support for Limited Agrarian Reforms
(e) Integration Through Kisan Organizations
One. Why Did the Early Nationalists Oppose the Legislation for Improving the Conditions of the Workers?
(c) Promotion of Indigenous Industries
(d) Priority to National Interests
Two. What Were Gandhi's Views on the Relationship Between Labour and Capital?
(a) Principle of Class Harmony
(e) Ahmedabad Textile Strike
Three. Discuss the Relationship Between the Congress and the Workers During the Early Nineteen Twenties
Growth of Labour Consciousness
Congress and Labour Mobilization
Formation of Trade Unions
Nature of the Relationship
Four. Describe the Response of the Workers to the Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movements
Workers and the Quit India Movement (nineteen forty-two)
Impact of Government Repression
(a) Dependence on the Colonial Government
(b) Moderate Nature of Early Nationalism
(c) Fear of Political Instability
(d) Limited Industrial Development
(e) Different Understanding of Swadeshi
(a) Attitude During the Civil Disobedience Movement (Nineteen Thirty to Nineteen Thirty-Four)
(b) Support for Constitutional Change
(c) Differences Within the Capitalist Class
(d) Position During Congress Ministries (Nineteen Thirty-Seven to Nineteen Thirty-Nine)
(e) Attitude Towards the Quit India Movement (Nineteen Forty-Two)
Three) Give a Brief Assessment of the Indian Capitalists' Attitude to the Congress
(b) Support for Economic Nationalism
(b) Social and Economic Reforms
One) How Did the Failure of the Revolt of Eighteen Fifty-Seven Transform the Position of the Landlords?
(a) Change in British Policy
(b) Strengthening of Zamindari Rights
(c) Political Importance of Landlords
(d) Social Prestige and Economic Power
(e) Emergence of a Conservative Rural Elite
Two) Discuss the Relationship Between the Nationalists and the Landlords During the Nineteen Twenties and Nineteen Thirties
(a) Congress as a Broad National Coalition
(b) Support of Some Landlords
(c) Growth of Peasant Movements
Congress's Balancing Strategy
Increasing Tensions in the nineteen thirties
Three) In What Ways Did the Militant Peasant Movements Help in Undermining the Position of the Landlords?
Challenge to Economic Exploitation
Growth of Peasant Organizations
Decline of Traditional Authority
Influence on National Politics
Examples of Militant Peasant Movements
Preparation for Post-Independence Reforms
One) Why Was the Gandhian Method of Mass Mobilisation Effective in Bringing Women to Public Life?
Use of Non-Violent Methods
Simple Forms of Participation
Expansion of Mass Politics
Emergence of Women Leaders
Two) Discuss the Relationship Between Feminism and Growth of National Consciousness Among Women
Social Reform and Women's Awakening
Nationalism as a Source of Empowerment
Feminist Demands Within Nationalism
Mutual Influence of Feminism and Nationalism
Three) What Was the Role of Women in Revolutionary and Left Movements in India?
Role in Revolutionary Movements
Important Women Revolutionaries
Participation in Labour Movements
Participation in Peasant Movements
(c) Leadership in Left Politics
One) Why Were the Important Dalit Leaders in Favour of Separate Electorates?
(a) Social Discrimination and Untouchability
(b) Need for Independent Political Representation
(c) Lack of Confidence in Caste Hindu Leadership
(d) Influence of Minority Safeguards
(e) Communal Award of nineteen thirty-two
Two) Discuss the Provisions of the Poona Pact
(d) Representation in Central Legislature
(e) Social and Educational Measures
(a) Gandhi's Campaign Against Untouchability
(b) Use of the Term "Harijan"
(d) Inclusion in National Movements
(e) Social Reform Programmes
(f) Constitutional and Political Measures
One) Evaluate the Relationship Between Congress and Muslim Minority from the Formation of Congress in eighteen eighty-five to nineteen fourteen
Early Phase (eighteen eighty-five to nineteen zero five)
Influence of Aligarh Movement
Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi Movement
Formation of the Muslim League (nineteen zero six)
Separate Electorates (nineteen zero nine)
Towards Cooperation (nineteen eleven to nineteen fourteen)
Lucknow Pact (nineteen sixteen)
Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement
Rise of Communal Politics
Jinnah's Fourteen Points (nineteen twenty-nine)
Pakistan Resolution (nineteen forty)
Elections of nineteen forty-five to forty-six
Direct Action and Partition
Three. Describe the Progress in the Relation Between Congress and the Sikhs Represented by the Akali Leadership
Congress Support for Akali Agitation
Cooperation During Non-Cooperation Movement
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC)
One. Discuss the Nature of the State in Colonial India
(a) Instrument of Imperialism
(b) Centralized Administration
(c) Economic Exploitation
(e) Limited Constitutional Reforms
Two. Describe the Gandhian Strategy to Fight Against Imperialism in India
(b) Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
(d) Constructive Programme
Three. What Were Other Strategies Which Were Presented as Alternatives to the Gandhian Strategy?
(a) Revolutionary Nationalism
(b) Socialist and Communist Strategy
(c) Constitutional Politics
Leaders associated with this approach included:
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose's Strategy
(e) Peasant and Labour-Based Radical Movements
One. Discuss the Nature of Communalism Before Nineteen Twenty
(a) Colonial Policy of Divide and Rule
(b) Socio-Economic Factors
(c) Role of the Aligarh Movement
(d) Formation of the Muslim League
(f) Limited Character of Communalism
(a) Impact of the Government of India Act, Nineteen Nineteen
(b) Khilafat Movement and Hindu-Muslim Unity
(d) Rise of Organized Communal Politics
(a) Separate Electorates and Colonial Policies
(b) Muslim League's Organizational Growth
(c) Failure to Address Muslim Concerns
Provincial Politics After nineteen thirty-seven
Weak Congress Presence in Muslim-Majority Areas
Critically Analyze Nehru's Views on Communalism
Nehru's Understanding of Communalism
Economic and Social Roots
Commitment to Secular Nationalism
Highlighted the political nature of communalism.
What Were the Provisions of the Nehru Report? What Were Its Shortcomings?
Main Provisions of the Nehru Report
Provincial Reorganization
Shortcomings of the Nehru Report
Dominion Status Instead of Complete Independence
Discuss the Role of the Constituent Assembly in Making of the Indian Constitution
Formation of the Constituent Assembly
Establishment of Committees
Adoption of the Constitution
Describe the Important Provisions of the Indian Constitution
Sovereign Democratic Republic
Federal Structure with Strong Centre
Directive Principles of State Policy
(f) Independent Judiciary
(g Universal Adult Franchise
(i) Safeguards for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(a) Promotion of Democratic Ideals
(b) Development of Parliamentary Traditions
(c) Commitment to Secularism
(d) Opposition to Communalism
(e) Influence on the Constitution
(a) Critique of Colonial Economy
(c) Industrial Development
(d) National Planning Committee
Three. Analyse the Weaknesses and Limitations of the Legacies of the Nationalist Movement in India
(a) Failure to Prevent Partition
(b) Incomplete Social Transformation
(c) Agrarian Problems Remained
(d) Limited Economic Transformation
(e) Weak Integration of Some Marginalized Groups
(f) Persistence of Communalism
(g Centralized Political Structure