Module Two: Psychoneuroimmunology

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Module Two: Psychoneuroimmunology

The immune system is a complex system that fights to defend the body against "foreign" invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. When the body recognizes something as not-self within the body, it tries to eliminate it. This process initiated is called the immune response. Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign invaders, antigen.

The antigens: Any substance that can trigger an immune response is called an antigen. Includes viruses, bacteria, fungi, tissue of a transplanted organ, allergens, etc.

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are protective proteins produced by the immune system in response to a foreign substance, antigen.

Parts of the immune system

One. White blood cells, WBC.

Two. Lymphatic system: Spleen, Bone marrow, and Thymus.

White blood cells also known as leukocytes are specialized blood cells mainly involved in immune response. White blood cells move through blood and tissue throughout your body, looking for foreign invaders, antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. When they find them, they launch an immune attack.

White blood cells are of two types: lymphocytes and phagocytes.

One. Phagocytes are scavengers that patrol the body and engulf and ingest antigens. They are not choosy. Macrophages and neutrophils are types of phagocytes. Phagocytes are involved in nonspecific immunity—they respond to any kind of antigen.

Two. Lymphocytes attack specific antigens, are involved in producing antibodies, and provide cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Lymphatic System

Assessing immune functioning

One. Assessing the functioning of immune cells.

Two. Assessing the production of antibodies to latent viruses.

Three. Assessing levels of immune system products, such as proinflammatory cytokines.

Four. Using indirect measures, such as wound healing.

Psychoneuroimmunology, P N I.

Module Two: Psychoneuroimmunology

Stress

Stress and respiratory infectious illness

Stress and wound healing

STRESS AND IMMUNITY IN HUMANS

HEALTH RISKS

NEGATIVE AFFECT AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONING

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY MODULE TWO: PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY.

Stress Moderators

RESILIENCE AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONING

OPTIMISM

SELF EFFICACY

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL-INTERVENTION

COPING AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONING

PERSONAL CONTROL/BENEFIT FINDINGS

INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE IMMUNE FUNCTIONING

AUTO IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

HIV transmission

From HIV Infection to AIDS

Opportunistic infections

Some common opportunistic infections associated with AIDS include:

Age, Gender, and Sociocultural Factors in AIDS

HIV and INDIA

Medical Treatment for People with HIV and AIDS

THE PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF AIDS

Disclosure

Interventions to Reduce the Spread of HIV Infection

One. Education

Two. Targeting Sexual Activity

Three. HIV Prevention Programs

Four. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions

Five. Targeting Adherence

Six. Targeting IV Drug Use

Coping with HIV Positive Status and AIDS

Social Support

CANCER

Psychosocial factors in the initiation and progression of cancer.

COPING WITH CANCER AND INTERVENTIONS

THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS.

Overview

The document explores the field of psychoneuroimmunology, detailing how psychological states and stress can influence immune function and overall health. It addresses the components of the immune system and various approaches to evaluating immune responses under stress.

Key Points

1The immune system defends the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses
2Stress and psychological factors can impair immune functioning
3Psychoneuroimmunology studies the relationship between the mind, body, and immune system
4Various methods exist for assessing immune response, including antibody production and wound healing
5Chronic stress can have long-term negative effects on health and immune function

Details

Category: Health and Medicine

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