A. Morphologic Components of the Normal Kidney
C. Components of the Glomerulus
Two. Glomerular Basement Membrane
F. Acute Kidney Injury versus Chronic Kidney Disease
H. Nephritic versus Nephrotic Part Two Objectives
A. The Glomerular Syndromes
C. Patterns of Distribution of Glomerular Changes (Must Know)
One. Antibody-Mediated Mechanism
3. Alternative Complement Pathway Activation
F. Mediators of Glomerular Injury
H. Major Histologic Features of Progressive Renal Damage
Two. Tubulo-Interstitial Fibrosis
Two. Cellular Proliferation
One. Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
B. Minimal Change Disease
D. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
Summary Part Five Objectives
A. Glomerular Disease with Isolated
One. IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)
Two. Benign Familial Hematuria
C. Glomerular Lesions in Systemic Disease
Two. Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Summary Part Six Objectives
A. Acute Tubular Injury (ATI)
Two. Classification of ATI
B. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Two. Acute Pyelonephritis
Four. Nephritis Induced by Drugs and Toxins
C. Components of the Glomerulus
Three. Visceral Epithelial Cells (Podocytes)
D. Features of the Filtration Barrier
Three. Electron Microscopy
F. Acute Kidney Injury versus Chronic Kidney Disease
H. NEPHRITIC VS NEPHROTIC
Glomerular Hematuria or Sub-nephrotic proteinuria (Isolated Urinary Abnormalities)
Two. BASEMENT MEMBRANE THICKENING
C. PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION OF GLOMERULAR CHANGES (MUST KNOW)
One. ANTIBODY-MEDIATED MECHANISM
One. Anti-GBM Antibody-Induced Nephritis
Circulating Immune Complex Deposition
Two. CELL-MEDIATED MECHANISM (SENSITIZED T-CELLS)
Three. ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY ACTIVATION
E. LOCALIZATION OF DEPOSITS
One. Subepithelial (between the podocytes and glomerular basement membrane)
H. Major Histologic Features of Progressive Renal Damage
One. FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Two. TUBULO-INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS
One. INFLAMMATION INJURIES IN GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES
Two. CELLULAR PROLIFERATION
A. ACUTE PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
● POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GN: Prototype disease involving exogenous antigen
B. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Classification of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Type One - Anti-GBM Antibody-Induced.
Diseases/Conditions Under Type One.
Type Two - Immune Complex.
Type Three - Pauci-Immune.
Differentiate the following as to pathogenesis, histologic morphology, and essential clinical features:
Membranous Glomerulopathy
It is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS
Collapsing Glomerulopathy.
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Two types: Type One and Type Two.
TYPES OF MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
One. IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)
Three. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES
Two. BENIGN FAMILIAL HEMATURIA
B. CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
One. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Professor's and Editor's Notes:
Capillary Basement Thickening.
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis.
Pyelonephritis, Necrotizing Papillitis.
One. CAUSES OF ACUTE TUBULAR INJURY
Two. CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE TUBULAR INJURY
TWO IMPORTANT FACTORS IN ACUTE TUBULAR INJURY PATHOGENESIS
Five. CLINICAL COURSE OF ATI
B. TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Two. VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
One. Morphology of Acute Pyelonephritis
Three. Associated/Predisposing Conditions
Three. CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
One. Gross Morphology of Chronic Pyelonephritis
Four. NEPHRITIS INDUCED BY DRUGS AND TOXINS
Toxins and drugs produce renal injury by:
Acute Drug-Induced Interstitial Nephritis
One. Nephropathy Associated with NSAIDs
Two. Analgesic Nephropathy
Two. Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Inhibition of vasodilatory effects of prostaglandin, aspirin, resulting in ischemia
Three. Other Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Diseases of the Urinary Tract One
Two. Chronic Urate Nephropathy
Two. Hypercalcemia and Nephrocalcinosis
Three. Myeloma Kidney, Light Chain Cast Nephropathy