Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Technical Standards and Specifications including Safety Standards for Petroleum Installations) Amendment Regulations, twenty twenty-two

100%

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS REGULATORY BOARD NOTIFICATION

G.S.R. In exercise of the powers conferred by Section sixty-one of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, two thousand six, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board hereby makes the following regulations further to amend the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Technical Standards and Specifications including Safety Standards for Petroleum Installations) Regulations, twenty twenty, namely: -

One. Short title and commencement:

(One) These regulations may be called the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Technical Standards and Specifications including Safety Standards for Petroleum Installations) Amendment Regulations, twenty twenty-two.

(Two) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the official gazette.

Two. In the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Technical Standards and Specifications including Safety Standards for Petroleum Installations) Regulations, twenty twenty, -

(i) in regulation two, after sub-clause (m), the following shall be inserted: -

"(ma) "Fire station" means building/ housing facilities for parking fire tenders and keeping in readiness other fire-fighting equipment for meeting plant emergencies, fire control room with required communication facilities/mimic panel.

(ii) in regulation three, the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"Definitions, layout, design, standard operating procedures, maintenance, inspection, competence assurance, fire protection, safety management plan and vehicle management system of Petroleum Installations shall be in accordance with the requirements of these regulations. These regulations will apply to petroleum installations with aggregate above ground storage capacity equal to or more than one thousand kiloliters."

(iii) in regulation four, for sub regulation (two), the following clause shall be substituted: -

"(Two) These regulations cover safety in design, material and equipment, piping system components and fabrication, installation and testing, commissioning, corrosion control, operation and maintenance and safety of Petroleum Installations including Aviation Fueling Station and Lube manufacturing and filling plants."

(iv) The regulation six shall be substituted, namely: -

"(One) The technical standards and specifications including safety standards (hereinafter referred to as standards) for Petroleum Installations including Aviation Fueling Station or Aviation Service Facilities and Lube manufacturing and filling plants are specified in Schedule-One which are as under -

(a) Part A to Part One which covers layout, design, standard operating procedures, maintenance, inspection, competence assurance, fire protection, safety management plan and vehicle management system.

(b) Part Ten for Aviation Fueling Station or Aviation Service Facilities which covers layout design, design considerations, safe operating practices in storage and handling of bulk aviation fuels, fire protection facilities and vehicle management system.

(c) Part Eleven for Lube manufacturing and filling plants which covers lube plant layout design, design considerations, safe operating/ handling practices in lube plant operations, fire protection facilities, maintenance and inspection of equipment, and vehicle management system."

(v) in regulation eight, for sub regulation (two), the words "or termination of authorization" shall be deleted. (vi) in Schedule-One:

(a) in Clause one point two point one, for sub-clause (three), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(Three) In case, it is unavoidable to comply with inter distance requirements for control room from Product tanks / Tank Lorry Filling / Tank Wagon gantry / Unloading area / other hazardous equipment, then, the control room shall be made blast resistant;"

(b) in Clause one point two point one, for sub-clause (four), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(Four) The control room for Pipeline Tap off Point (if applicable) at the same location of the same company, shall be in the same building where the Control room for Depot or installation is located. Provided this clause is not applicable for existing locations with separate control rooms having facility for real time exchange of signal and data sharing."

(c) in Clause one point two point two point one, for sub clause (three) (iv), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(iv) Dyke enclosure (entire area of the dyke) shall have impervious layer of suitable material such as EPDM liner or polyethylene sheet to prevent the ground water contamination in addition to brick or stone pitching PCC and other similar materials. For existing facilities, imperviousness should be ensured using a suitable technology;"

(d) in Clause one point two point two point five -

(ca) for sub clause (three), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

“(Three) There shall be a pathway along the inside perimeter of the boundary wall for security patrolling. Security watch tower (if provided) shall have clear access;"

(cb) after sub-clause (seven)(iv), the following shall be inserted, namely: -

“(v) For existing locations, wherever the parking area is inadequate due to space constraint, remote parking for empty Tank Trucks should be provided at designated place. In case remote parking for empty Tank Trucks are not feasible due to space constraint, proper monitoring of vehicle parking / movement shall be ensured in liaison with local administration. Such remote parking for empty Tank Trucks shall be covered under ERDMP of the installation."

(e) in Clause one point two point two point seven, for TABLE-One, the following note shall be inserted below the table, namely: -

"Distance of product pump house (loading/unloading) from utilities and electrical sub-station shall be thirty meters."

(f) in Clause two point six, sub-clause (one), after the words "sparking material) and", the words "should be" shall be inserted.

(g) in Clause two point nine point two, for sub-clause (two), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

“(Two) No vehicle shall be loaded at a rate exceeding (volumetric flow rate corresponding to linear velocity one meter per second at the delivery (at the least diameter fitting) and of the filling pipe until the filling pipe is completely submerged in petroleum and thereafter the loading rate should be gradually increased but it shall at no point of time exceed six meters per second at the delivery end of the filling pipe. Further, adequate measures should be taken to avoid accumulation of static charge in case of loading low sulphur or low conductivity petroleum products;"

(h) in Clause two point nine point two, for sub-clause (fourteen), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(Fourteen) Tank Truck loading gantries shall be provided with safety harness to protect the operating crew against fall from height. Integrity check of anchoring point with gantry should be conducted prior to installation of harness and at periodical intervals."

(i) in Clause two point nine point two, for sub-clause (fifteen), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(Fifteen) Loading ladders to have hand railings and shall be light in construction. Neoprene packing shall be provided at the bottom rest to avoid spark generation due to impact;"

(j) in Clause two point nine point two, for sub-clause (twenty-six), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(Twenty-six) For placement, brake van or dummy wagons shall be used. Separate segregation gate shall be provided at terminating point and area between boundary wall and segregation gate shall be outside the Hazardous area;"

(k) in Clause two point thirteen, for the table in sub clause (ten), the following table shall be substituted, namely:

(l) in Clause three point one, for sub-clause (seven), the following shall be substituted, namely: -

“(Seven) All operations shall be carried out under supervision of designated personnel. Periodic training and refresher needs should be given to such personnel;"

(m) in Clause three point one, sub-clause nine, after the words "or manholes)" and before the words "shall be", the words "or work at height or any non-routine activity" shall be inserted.

(n) in Clause three point two, for sub-clause thirty-six, the word "clear" shall be substituted by the word "clean".

(o) in Clause three point three point two, for sub-clause seven, the word "moment" shall be substituted by the word "movement".

(p) for Clause three point six, in the para heading "Ethanol Handling:", after the words beginning with "In case ethanol ... " and ending with " ... Motor Gasoline", the following shall be inserted, namely: -

"Adequate flame or heat detection mechanism shall be provided for detection of ethanol fires as ethanol burns with a flame which is not clearly visible in bright sun light. Alcohol Resistant foam shall be provided to fight ethanol fires. For fighting other fires including ethanol Blended MS, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) can be used."

(q) in Clause three point six point one, after sub-clause fifteen, the following shall be inserted, namely: sixty-six sixteen Ethanol should be stored either in underground tanks or semi-buried tanks or above ground tanks. Above ground tanks for ethanol storage shall be of Internal Floating Roof Type or Cone Roof type. External Floating Roof tank or Internal Floating Roof tank with window opening on the shell shall not be used for ethanol storage.

seventeen The bulk storage tanks for Ethanol service are exposed to severe steel corrosion. Therefore, these steel tanks face internal corrosion due to service medium as well as vapour. Adequate corrosion protection measures should be taken for ethanol service tanks.

eighteen Fire fighting on fires related to Ethanol -

(i) For spill of Ethanol at TLF gantry or during unloading of Ethanol TT alcohol resistant foam cover to be immediately spread over the spilled contents using portable Medium Expansion Foam Generator (MEFG) or appropriate equipment.

(ii) For leak of Ethanol from gaskets in Pump House or in Tank farm, alcohol resistant foam cover to be immediately spread over the spilled contents using portable MEFG or appropriate equipments.

(iii) If in Tank Farm, common HVLR is used for tanks storing MS, Ethanol, or Ethanol Blended MS, then, appropriate SOP for use of such HVLR for different fires shall be prepared, displayed and practiced in mock drills.

(iv) Minimum two MEFG for each tank inside dyke area storing Ethanol or Ethanol Blended MS shall be provided. Separate Alcohol Resistant Foam feeding arrangement shall be made for such MEFGs. Appropriate SOP shall be prepared and displayed near the operating area.

(v) Hydro Carbon Detection system as applicable for Ethanol shall be provided at all possible places of leak including isolation valve inside dyke and at sump near dyke drain valve.

(vi) Foam pourer system as provided in Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank (IFRVT) or in Cone Roof Vertical Tank (CRVT) for Ethanol service shall have dedicated provision for Alcohol Resistant Foam for fire-fighting.

(vii) Inspection frequency: Internal inspection of ethanol tanks shall be done once in five years; External inspection shall be done visually six monthly and Ultrasonic Thickness testing shall be done once in three years."

(r) in Clause five point three point two point five, for sub-clause one, the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(one) Foam compound should be stored as explained in IS-four thousand eight hundred eighty-nine or equivalent standard. Type of foam compound to be used can be protein, fluro-protein or AFFF. Alcohol Resistant Foam shall be used for handling methanol or ethanol fires. Minimum one thousand litres of Alcohol Resistant Foam compound shall be maintained at the installation to handle methanol or ethanol fire."

(s) in Clause five point eight point three, for sub-clause three, the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(three) Inspection and Testing:"

The system shall be checked during mock drill conducted with full system shut down once in six months and records shall be maintained."

(t) in regulation ten point one point one, the sub-clause two shall be deleted.

(u) in Clause ten point three, for sub-clause seven, the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(seven) The tank truck or the loading arm meant for filling the tankers shall have overfill protection system (compatible with loading rack facilities);"

(v) in Clause ten point three, for sub-clause twelve, the following shall be substituted, namely: -

"(twelve) In case of Dangerous Goods, Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) shall be fitted with at least one number of minimum nine kilogram Dry Powder fire extinguisher on side of tank and one kilogram CO2 Fire extinguisher in Tank Truck cabin."

(w) in Clause eleven point twelve, after the words, "written system", the words "online or offline" shall be inserted.

(vii) in Schedule-one, after Part-one, the following shall be inserted, namely: -

"PART J:"

one point zero INTRODUCTION

two point zero APPLICABILITY

Three point zero SCOPE

Four point zero LAYOUT DESIGN

(b) Layout of facilities

(c) General consideration for the layout of the facility

(d) Dyked Enclosures:

(g) General

(h) Protection of facilities:

(i) Separation distances:

General Notes to Table-One:

Specific notes to Table-One:

X General notes to Table-Three:

For Aviation Fuel Stations:

Five. Zero DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Types of storage tanks

B. Tank farms/manifolds

Two) Tank Manifold

One. Drain/sampling point in Above Ground tanks

Two. Drain/sampling point in Buried / Semi Buried tanks

Five) Vent

Six) Dip Hatch/Sampling

Seven) Instrumentation

Eight. Piping, valves, flanges

Nine. Valves for handling aviation product:

Ten. Fittings for handling aviation product:

C. Bulk Loading or unloading operations

Two. Tank truck and Refuellers Loading Bays.

Three. Collection and Drainage for AFSs with above ground storage tank of capacity more than one thousand kiloliters

Four. OWS or Pits

D. Electrical Equipment

Five. Cables

Six. Measurement of earth resistance

Seven. Allowable earth-Resistance values

Eight. A F S Earthing

Nine. Bonding:

Ten. Static Earthing:

Eleven. Lightning Protective System:

Twelve. Earthing for Data Processing System:

Thirteen. No of earth pits:

Fourteen. General

Fifteen) Emergency Feeder, for AFSs with more than one thousand kiloliters above ground storage:

Sixteen) AFS lighting

E. DESIGN OF HYDRANT REFUELLING SYSTEM (HRS):

Two) Cathodic protection

Three) External coating of pipeline

Four) Hydrant Pits:

Five) HYDRANT PIT VALVES:

Six) EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN (ESD) CONTROLS FOR HRS System:

Six point zero SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES IN STORAGE AND HANDLING OF BULK AVIATION FUELS

B. SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES

C. Bulk Handling for movement by Road

D. Safety Precautions during TT or Refuelers Loading or Unloading Refuelers in Aviation Fuel Station

E. Procedure for Loading / Topping up operations of Refuelers:

F. Procedure for Unloading Operations of Refuelers in AFSs

G. Tank Farm Operations: Safety Precautions in Tank Farm Area in AFS

X. Safety shoes/PPEs shall be worn by the operating staff in the operational area.

H. Pipeline Transfer Operations

The following safe practices to be followed:

I. Methanol Handling at AFS

J. SAFETY IN BARREL OPERATIONS:

Following procedures shall be followed -

Seven. Zero. FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

One) Fire Protection Philosophy

Two) Fire Protection

For AFSs storing one thousand kiloliters aggregate product, the following fire protection facilities shall be provided:

Three) Design Criteria for Fire Protection System for AFSs With Above Ground Storage Tank Capacity more than one thousand kiloliters

Four) Fire Fighting at AFSs:

Five) Fire Drills:

Six) Portable Fire Extinguisher Specification:

Seven. Wheeled Fire Fighting Equipment

Eight. Foam compound trolley two hundred / two hundred ten liters shall be provided as under:

Minimum fire accessories to be provided in a location without fire hydrant system are as follows:

Eleven. FIRE WATER DESIGN FLOW RATE

(B) FIRE WATER STORAGE:

(C) FIRE WATER PUMPS:

(D) FIRE HYDRANT NETWORK:

v. Size of hydrant pipeline

vi. General

vii. Hydrant or Monitors:

viii. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

ix. FIXED WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

(E) FOAM SYSTEMS

One) FOAM PROTECTION

Two) FOAM APPLICATION

Six) FOAM COMPOUND STORAGE

(F) SCADA/SERVER room protection

(G) FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

(H) Emergency shut Down (ESD)/Emergency Shutdown Button (ESB) system

(I) Mock drills and Mutual aid:

(J) ERDMP (Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan):

(K) Fire Protection system: Inspection and Testing:

One) Fire water pumps:

Two) Fire water ring mains:

Three) Fire water spray system:

Four) Fixed and semi fixed foam system:

Five) Clean agent system:

Six) Hoses:

Seven) Communication system:

Eight) Fire water tank or reservoir:

Nine) Fire extinguishers:

Eight point zero Vehicle Management System:

"PART K: (Lube manufacturing and filling plants) [See Regulation six]

Two point zero APPLICABILITY

Three point zero SCOPE

Four point zero LUBE PLANT LAYOUT DESIGN

Four point one LAYOUT FACILITIES

GENERAL CONSIDERATION FOR THE LAYOUT OF BLOCKS / FACILITIES

Four point one point one LAYOUT OF FACILITIES

Four point one point two GROUPING OF STORAGE TANKS

Four point one point three FIRE BREAK WALLS INSIDE DYKE ENCLOSURE

Four point one point four LAYOUT OF SUBSTATION

Four point one point five GENERAL

Four point one point six PROTECTION OF FACILITIES:

Four point two SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN VARIOUS FACILITIES

B. FOR SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN OTHER BLOCKS or EQUIPMENT:

Five point zero DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

TANKS

SELECTION OF TYPE OF STORAGE TANKS

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

TANK APPURTENANCES

ii) Stairs

iii) Manholes

TANK FARMS or MANIFOLDS

TANK MANIFOLD

TANK SETTLEMENT

TANK HEATERS or MIXERS

ii) Design Criteria

iii) Steam Heating low pressure steam

iv) Hot Oil system

v) Electric Heating

vi) Tank mixtures

vii) Types of mixers

Five point one DRAINS FROM THE TANKS

ii) Drain line

Five point two VENTS

Five point three DIP HATCH or SAMPLING

Five point four INSTRUMENTATION

PIPING / VALVES / FLANGES

Five point five VALVES

Five point six FITTINGS

Five point fourteen BULK LOADING / UNLOADING FACILITY

Handling of Sick / Leaky Tank Trucks/Tank Wagon

Handling of Slop

ETP/ OWS

Electrical Equipment

Allowable earth-Resistance Values

Five point nineteen PLANT EARTHING / BONDING

b) Bonding

c) Static earthing

d) Lightning protective for structure and building

e) Earthing for data processing system

f) Minimum Permissible Sizes of the Earthing Conductors

h) Electrical safety for laboratories

i) General

Five point twenty. PLANT LIGHTING

ii) Emergency lighting panel

Five point twenty-one. AIR TURBO VENTILATION SYSTEM IN LUBE PLANTS

Five point twenty-two. FLOORING

Five point twenty-three. STAIRS AND PLATFORMS

Five point twenty-four. LADDERS

Built up ladders

Portable ladders of rigid construction

b) Material construction of ladder

c) General requirements

Five point twenty-five. STACKING OF DRUMS / PACKED PRODUCTS

Five point twenty-six BOILER

Five point twenty-seven STEAM TRAP

Five point twenty-eight THERMAL / STEAM INSULATION

Five point twenty-nine COMPRESSOR

Five point thirty SERVICE WATER FOR PLANT OPERATIONS

Five point thirty-one COOLING TOWER

Five point thirty-two INDUCTION SEALING SYSTEM

Five point thirty-three STORAGE SPACE FOR EMPTY PACKAGES, PACKED ADDITIVES, AND PACKED FINISHED PRODUCT

Five point thirty-four SRV FOR VESSELS/KETTLES IN CONFIRMITY TO ASME SECTION VIII Div. one.

Five point thirty-five PRESSURE REGULATION FOR LOW PRESSURE STEAM

Five point thirty-six TRANSFER / FILLING HOSES

Five point thirty-seven AUTO CUT-OFF FACILITY

Six point zero SAFE OPERATING/HANDLING PRACTICES IN LUBE PLANT OPERATIONS

Six point one SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES

Six point two BULK HANDLING FOR MOVEMENT BY ROAD

Six point three SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING TANK VEHICLE LOADING / UNLOADING IN BULK

Six point four SAFE PROCEDURES DURING OPERATION

(B) Unloading operations

Six point five HANDLING OF SICK BULK TRUCK / TANK WAGON

Six point six PIPELINE TRANSFER OPERATIONS

The following safe practices to be followed:

Six point seven SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN TANK FARM AREA OPERATIONS

Six point eight SAFETY INSTRUCTION REGARDING USAGE OF PORTABLE LADDERS

Six point nine PRECAUTIONS FOR BOILER OPERATIONS

Six point ten FORKLIFT OPERATIONS

Six point eleven WEIGH BRIDGE

Seven point zero FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES

FIRE PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY

FIRE PROTECTION

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Seven point one. Fire water system design

Seven point two. Fire water design flow rate

Seven point three. Fire water storage

Seven point four. Fire water pumps

Seven point five FIRE HYDRANT NETWORK

Seven point six HYDRANT or MONITORS

Seven point seven MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Seven point eight PROCESS CONTROL ROOM (HAVING CONSOLE, MONITOR, RACK, UPS, BATTERY AND COMPUTERS) PROTECTION

Seven point nine FIRST AID FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Seven point ten Wheeled / trolley mounted firefighting equipment

Laboratory

Seven point eleven HOSES, NOZZLES and ACCESSORIES

Seven point eleven point two Nozzles

Seven point eleven point three Accessories:

Seven point eleven point four Hose box and accessories:

Seven point eleven point five Personnel protective equipment

Seven point eleven point six Emergency kit items.

Seven point twelve USE OF FOAM AND STORAGE.

Seven point thirteen SMOKE/HEAT DETECTION AND ANNUNCIATION, DYKE DRAIN VALVE ANNUNCIATION SYSTEM AND EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN LOGIC.

c) Power Supply.

d) Architecture Components.

e) Annunciation System.

f) Smoke/heat Detectors.

g) Inspection and Testing.

ii) Dyke Drain valve Annunciation system.

a) Power Supply.

b) Architecture Components.

c) Annunciation System.

iii) Emergency shut Down and Manual Call Point logic for plant shutdown.

B) Inspection and Testing:

Seven point fourteen FIRE ALARM / COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Seven point fifteen FIRE SAFETY ORGANISATION/ TRAINING

Seven point sixteen FIRE EMERGENCY MANUAL

Seven point seventeen FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM, INSPECTION AND TESTING

B) Fire water pumps

C) Fire water ring mains

D) Fire water spray system if applicable

E) Fixed or semi fixed foam system

F) Clean agent system

G) Hoses

h) Communication system

i) Fire water tank/reservoir

Eight point zero MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF EQUIPMENT

Eight point one MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES

Eight point two PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Eight point three WORK PERMIT SYSTEM

APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Eight point four INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE OF VARIOUS FACILITIES IN INSTALLATIONS

Types of inspection

(i) Routine In-Service Inspections

(iii) Internal

Routine In-Service Inspection:

External Inspection:

The Detailed External Inspection along with ultrasonic thickness survey of tanks shall be conducted as under:

Eight point four point one INSPECTION OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK

Eight point four point two PIPES, VALVES AND FITTINGS

Type of Inspection: The post-commissioning inspections of pipelines shall be as under -

(ii) Comprehensive inspection

Eight point four point three BOILER

Eight point four point four PRESSURE VESSELS

Eight point four point five WEIGH BRIDGE

Eight point four point six HOIST, EOT AND JOIST

Eight point four point seven FORK LIFT

Eight point four point eight LADDER SAFETY (PORTABLE OR FIXED)

Eight point four point ten SAFETY RELIEF VALVES

Eight point four point eleven Rotary equipment:

Eight point five FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT (PORTABLE AND TROLLEY MOUNTED)

Life of fire extinguishers: IS two one nine zero:twenty ten

Eight point six ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Eight point seven LADDERS

Overview

The document presents amendments to the technical standards and safety regulations governing petroleum installations, ensuring compliance with safety procedures and operational guidelines. It aims to enhance safety measures and management practices in the petroleum industry.

Key Points

1Amendments focus on safety in design and operation of petroleum installations
2New definitions and explanations for safety management and facility standards are introduced
3Regulations stipulate requirements for fire protection and maintenance protocols
4Detailed guidelines for handling ethanol and related safety measures are provided
5A clear structure for inspection and operational supervision is established.

Details

Category: Government and Policy

PDF
COA auditor: Sara Duterte only VP, DepEd chief with confidential funds
A testimony from a Commission on Audit (COA) auditor revealing that Vice President Sara Duterte is the only Vice President and Department of Education secretary with confidential funds during the auditor's tenure. The document details audit findings and the strict compliance required in managing confidential funds.
PDF
RPwD Act, 2016: Bridging the Post-18 Disability Support Gap
This document discusses the shortcomings of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016, specifically focusing on the lack of support for individuals with disabilities after they turn 18. It emphasizes the burden on families and highlights necessary policy improvements to ensure dignity and inclusion for persons with disabilities (PwDs).
PDF
Who Caused the Ukraine War?
This document explores the contentious debate over the responsibility for the Ukraine war, arguing against the conventional wisdom that blames Vladimir Putin while highlighting the provocative actions of NATO and the West.
PDF
How to Amend the Constitution and Transition to the 1987 Constitution
This document outlines the procedures for amending the Constitution, detailing methods such as Congressional action, constitutional conventions, and people's initiatives, along with transitory provisions for the implementation of the 1987 Constitution.
PDF
India-China consensus signals positive momentum, but don’t overstate its importance
The document analyzes the evolving diplomatic relations between India and China in light of recent meetings and geopolitical tensions, emphasizing the cautious engagement both nations are pursuing to stabilize their border issues and bilateral ties.