REDOX REACTIONS

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Objectives

After studying this unit you will be able to identify redox reactions as a class of reactions in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously;

define the terms oxidation, reduction, oxidant (oxidising agent) and reductant (reducing agent);

explain mechanism of redox reactions by electron transfer process;

use the concept of oxidation number to identify oxidant and reductant in a reaction;

classify redox reaction into combination (synthesis), decomposition, displacement and disproportionation reactions;

suggest a comparative order among various reductants and oxidants; La balance chemical equations using (i) oxidation number (ii) half reaction method;

learn the concept of redox reactions in terms of electrode processes.

UNIT SEVEN

Where there is oxidation, there is always reduction - Chemistry is essentially a study of redox systems.

Chemistry deals with varieties of matter and change of one kind of matter into the other. Transformation of matter from one kind into another occurs through the various types of reactions. One important category of such reactions is Redox Reactions. A number of phenomena, both physical as well as biological, are concerned with redox reactions. These reactions find extensive use in pharmaceutical, biological, industrial, metallurgical and agricultural areas. The importance of these reactions is apparent from the fact that burning of different types of fuels for obtaining energy for domestic, transport and other commercial purposes, electrochemical processes for extraction of highly reactive metals and non-metals, manufacturing of chemical compounds like caustic soda, operation of dry and wet batteries and corrosion of metals fall within the purview of redox processes. Of late, environmental issues like Hydrogen Economy (use of liquid hydrogen as fuel) and development of 'Ozone Hole' have started figuring under redox phenomenon.

Seven point one. CLASSICAL IDEA OF REDOX REACTIONS - OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTIONS

(Fe three O four) is reduced because oxygen has been removed from it.

Seven point two. REDOX REACTIONS IN TERMS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS

Seven point two point one Competitive Electron Transfer Reactions

Final stage

Seven point three OXIDATION NUMBER

REDOX REACTIONS

Problem seven point three

Solution

Problem seven point four

Solution

Seven point three point one Types of Redox Reactions

Two. Decomposition reactions

Three. Displacement reactions

REDOX REACTIONS

Four. Disproportionation reactions

REDOX REACTIONS

The Paradox of Fractional Oxidation Number

Problem seven point seven

Seven point three point two Balancing of Redox Reactions

Problem seven point eight

REDOX REACTIONS

Problem seven point nine

Solution

REDOX REACTIONS

Seven point three point three Redox Reactions as the Basis for Titrations

Seven point three point four Limitations of Concept of Oxidation Number

Seven point four Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes

REDOX REACTIONS

EXERCISES

Seven point three. Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions:

(a) Mercury(II) chloride (b) Nickel(II) sulphate

(c) Tin(IV) oxide

(f) Chromium(III) oxide

REDOX REACTIONS

Also suggest a technique to investigate the path of the above (a) and (b) redox reactions.

Seven point thirteen Identify the substance oxidised reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent for each of the following reactions:

Seven point fourteen Consider the reactions:

Seven point seventeen Consider the reactions:

Seven point eighteen Balance the following redox reactions by ion-electron method:

Seven point twenty-two Consider the elements:

REDOX REACTIONS

Overview

The document provides a comprehensive overview of redox reactions, including their definitions, classifications, and significance in various scientific and industrial applications. It emphasizes understanding electron transfer processes and balancing chemical equations in redox systems.

Key Points

1Redox reactions involve simultaneous oxidation and reduction processes
2The terms oxidant and reductant are crucial for identifying these reactions
3Oxidation can be defined as the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen
4Redox reactions play a significant role in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and energy
5Understanding redox reactions is essential for addressing environmental issues like the Hydrogen Economy.

Details

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