PART-2-grye-2025-10-21_21_43_16-social-medicine-state-exam-essays-2022-7-2.pdf
Physicians role for family planning
Effectiveness of Contraceptive Methods
Prophylaxis of congenital diseases
Physician's role in problem families - single parents
Physician's role in problem families - cohabitation
Physician's role in problem families - families with chronic patients
Twenty-seven. Occupational medicine - definition, principles, organisation in Bulgaria
Law on Health and Safety At Work twenty fourteen
Occupational medicine - principles
Obligations of the employer
Occupational medicine - organisation in Bulgaria
Minimum requirements for staff of the Occupational Health services
Main activities of Occupational Health Services
Twenty-eight. Expert evaluation of temporary incapacity for work. Indicators.
Types of Working Incapacity
According to degree of losing the capacity of working
Temporary inability for work (sick leave) is present in the occasions of
Documentation for Temporary Incapacity
Two types of medical sickness certificate
Expert evaluation of temporary incapacity for work
Temporary Incapacity - Pregnancy
Twenty-nine. Expert evaluation of permanent incapacity for work. Territorial expert medical commission.
Types of Working Incapacity
Expert evaluation of permanent incapacity for work
Territorial Expert Medical Commission
Groups of permanent incapacity
Thirty. Preventative medicine - definition and objectives. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prophylaxis. Health promotion.
Preventative medicine - objectives
Primary Non-specific Prophylaxis (Health Promotion)
Primary Specific Prophylaxis
Examples of Tertiary prophylaxis
Tannahill's Model of Health Promotion
Characteristics of Health Promotion
Thirty-one. Dispensary method - types and patient groups. Indicators.
Dispensary method - types and patient groups
Stages of the Dispensary method
Who does the dispensarisation?
Skin and Venereal disease Centre.
Indicators of Dispensarisation.
Hospital care - functions
Hospital care - structure.
Hospital care - organisation (types of medical establishments).
• According to location (area served):
• According to type of ownership:
The Management of Hospitals
Indicators of Hospital Care
Hospitalisation - reasons
Hospitalisation - types of hospitalisations
Rights and obligations of hospitalised patients
Criteria of organization of a patient in hospital
Indicators related to Hospitalisation
Thirty-three. Medico-social issues of women and maternal care. Maternal Health Programme of National Health Insurance Fund.
Medico-social issues of women and maternal care
Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
Article one hundred twenty-seven.
Nursing care for health for uninsured women.
Free medical services for childbirth.
Maternal Health Programme of National Health Insurance Fund.
The First Visit for the pregnant women.
Indications for hospitalisation of pregnant women.
Primary prevention for pregnant women.
Other forms of primary prevention:
Prenatal screening of pregnant women.
Social protection of pregnant women.
Thirty-four. Medico-social issues of women and maternal care. Child Health Programme of National Health Insurance Fund.
Section two. SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR WOMEN.
Article one hundred twenty-seven.
Nursing care for health for uninsured women
Free medical services for childbirth (reimbursed by the state budget).
Seven. Family planning equals a human right to decide if/when to have children
Child Health Programme of National Health Insurance Fund
Prevention of congenital diseases
Age periods and prevention in each period
Twelve. Secondary prevention:
One to three years (toddler)
Three to seven years (pre-school)
Seven to fourteen years (school)
Fourteen to eighteen years (teens)
Thirty-five. Health management - basic principles. Management of human resources.
Integrative nature of Health Management
Responsibilities of Health Manager
The Managing Cycle of Health Management
Target groups of the medical HR management:
Main aspects to consider:
What are the basic principles of health management?
Thirty-six. Health management. Governance. Management of financial resources. Management of the organisational change.
Integrative nature of Health Management
Responsibilities of Health Manager
The Managing Cycle of Health Management
Team evolution - stages of team growth.
Management of financial resources.
Management of the organisational change.
Types of organisation change
. According to the reasons
Approaches to overcome the barriers of change
Thirty-seven. Stages of biomedical research. Research plan and programme. Data collection and information processing.
Descriptive Statistics > The procedure used to organize and summarize masses of data
Properties of a good sample
Data collection and Information processing
o According to the data usage
o According to the number of indices
Thirty-eight. Descriptive statistics. Measure of central tendency. Confidence interval for population mean.
Descriptive Statistics - Organizing data
Why construct frequency distributions?
Descriptive Statistics - Summarising data
Measure of central tendency
Advantages of looking at the median:
Disadvantages of looking at the median:
Advantages of looking at the mode:
Disadvantages of looking at the mode:
Central tendency and spread
What is best to use in different scenarios?
Confidence interval for population mean
Ninety-five percent Confidence Interval for The Population Mean
. Characteristics of normal distribution
. Why is distribution important?
. Descriptive statistics. Confidence interval for population proportion. Comparing proportions.
Descriptive Statistics - Organizing data
Why construct frequency distributions?
Steps to define classes for a frequency distribution with quantitative data
Determine width of each class
Determine the class limits
Relative frequency distributions > classes of intervals
Descriptive Statistics - Summarising data
Advantages of looking at the mean:
Disadvantages of looking at the mean:
The middle value when a variable's values are ranked in order.
Advantages of looking at the median:
Disadvantages of looking at the median:
Advantages of looking at the mode:
Disadvantages of looking at the mode:
Central tendency and spread
What is best to use in different scenarios?
Confidence interval for population proportion.
Standard Error of Proportion (Sn).
Formula for Confidence Interval For Population Proportion.
Two requirements for constructing meaningful confidence intervals about the population proportion.
Formula to calculate the confidence interval for population proportion.
Estimating population parameters.
Two types of estimates for each population parameter.
Assessing point estimator.
One first computes the point estimate from a sample.
Provides insight into why many random variables have probability distributions that are approximately normal.
Forty. Non-parametric tests. Chi-square test. Hypothesis testing.
McNemar Test (qualitative test)
Wilcoxon signed rank test (quantitative test)
Mann-Whitney U test (quantitative test)
Kruskal-Wallis H test (quantitative test)
Friedman test (quantitative test)
Advantages of Non-parametric tests
Disadvantages of Non-parametric tests
Two main kinds of Chi-square tests
Goodness-of-fit Test Assumptions
Four. Assumption number four. The groups/values of the categorical variable must be mutually exclusive.
Calculation of the test statistic
Formula for degrees of freedom
When do we use x squared test and when do we use two-sample t-test?
Overview of Hypothesis testing
Essentials of Hypothesis testing
Types of Hypothesis testing
Decision criterion of Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing objectives
Components of a formal Hypothesis test
Moral aspects of physician-patient relationship
What is a fiduciary relationship?
Psychodynamic explanation of physician-patient interaction There are three aspects of the psychodynamic model:
Aspects of the patient-physician relationship
Basic moral principles in medical ethics Principle for autonomy
Specific moral rules derived from the principle respect for autonomy:
Principle of Non-Maleficence
Models of physician - patient relationship
Emmanuel's models of physician-patient relationship Informative Model
Three basic models proposed by Szasz and Hollender in nineteen fifty-six
Model of Guidance-Co-operation
Model of Mutual Participation
Criteria for capacity to consent
Groups of people without the capacity to consent
Doctor influencing a patient during the informed consent process
Conflicts in the Physician - Patient relationship
The physician as a patient
Kant's categorial imperative doctrine
Truthful disclosure vs lying in a clinical context
Forty-two. Medical mistakes. Confidentiality.
Due to subjective reasons
Do physicians have an ethical duty to disclose information about medical mistakes to their patients?
Won't disclosing mistakes to patients undermine their trust in physicians and the medical system?
Physician's responsibility
Iatrogenesis is the occurrence or progression of disease caused by medical personnel can be:
Core of the Confidentiality is based on
What information is Confidential?
What does the duty of confidentiality require?
Violation of confidentiality levels
When can confidential information be disclosed?
What if a family member asks how the patient is doing?
Forty-three. Role of physicians and patients in dealing with chronic diseases. Breaking bad news. Euthanasia.
Truth Protocol (RB) Conclusions
What if the patient starts to cry while I am talking?
Reasons for the termination of human life
Ethical issues of Euthanasia
Arguments in favour of Euthanasia
Arguments not in favour of Euthanasia
Physician assisted suicide (PAS)
Is physician aid-in-dying (PAD) the same as euthanasia?
Legal issues of Euthanasia.
In Europe some forms of euthanasia are legalized in:
Forty-four. Moral aspects of transplantation. Bulgarian Law on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues, and Cells.
Organs that can be transplanted
Basic definitions in transplantation
Common causes of brain death
Ethical problems or organ donation and transplantation
Health risks for the donor
Advertisements, payment, and trade of organs is prohibited
Distribution of transplantable organs
Criteria for selection of organ recipients:
Allocation of organs from deceased donors
WMA advocates informed donor choice
Bulgarian Law on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues, and Cells (in force from January first two thousand four)
Chapter One - General Provisions
Chapter Two - National Transplantation System
Chapter three - Collecting of Organs, Tissues, and Cells
Section two - Collection of Organs, Tissues and Cells from a Living Donor
Section three - Collecting of Embryonic organs, Tissues and Somatic, Cells from Placenta and Amniotic Cell
Section four - Collecting of Organs, Tissues, and Cells from Animals
Chapter four - Transplanting of Organs, Tissues and Cells
Previous oral exam questions
· Childcare-new-born screening