Medical Surgical BSN PNLE RN'26 Endocrine System

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

. Ductless gland system

● Produces hormones (chemical messengers) that regulate body functions.

Three Mechanisms of Hormone Secretion

One. Humoral - Triggered by changes in blood chemicals (e.g., blood glucose, calcium levels).

Two. Neural - Triggered by nerve fibers.

Three. Hormonal - Triggered by another hormone (Hypothalamus plus Pituitary gland plus Target gland).

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Two BASIC PARTS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

Hormones Secreted

Function:

Five. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Six. Gonadotropic Hormones

Two. Posterior Pituitary Gland (Neurohypophysis)

Function:

One. Oxytocin

Two. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Receptors:

Target Organ:

Functions:

Effects:

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

Main Function

SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (plus ADH equals SIADH)

What Happens?

Effects

Urine Laboratory Findings

Body Fluids

Blood Laboratory Findings

Signs and Symptoms

Priority Nursing Concern

DIABETES INSIPIDUS (minus ADH equals DI)

Classic Signs

Dry Inside

Urine Laboratory Findings

Body Fluids

Blood Findings

Signs and Symptoms

Water Deprivation Test

SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)

Management of SIADH

Mild Hyponatremia

Severe Hyponatremia

Nursing Management

Priority Nursing Concern

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Management of Diabetes Insipidus

Two. Vasopressin

Contraindication:

Fluid Replacement

Nursing Management

Growth Hormone

Regulation

Functions of Growth Hormone

Growth hormone promotes:

Growth hormone increases blood glucose by:

Disorders of Growth Hormone

Common Cause

Signs and Symptoms

Mnemonic

Signs and Symptoms

Other findings:

Management of hypersecretion of growth hormone

Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy

Postoperative Nursing Care

Two. Medications

Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist

Dopamine Agonists

Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone

Causes

Types

Unequal body proportions

Signs and Symptoms

Management of growth hormone deficiency

Adrenal Gland

Adrenal Medulla

Catecholamines

Trigger

Fight or Flight Response

Disease: Pheochromocytoma

Effects

The "Five H's" of Pheochromocytoma

Classic Triad

Pheochromocytoma Triad

Diagnostic Tests

Vanillylmandelic Acid

Two. Plasma Metanephrine Test

Three. Imaging Studies

Management

Drug of Choice

Purpose

Surgery

Definition

After Adrenalectomy

Nursing Priorities

Medical Surgical BSN

Eye Terms

Easy Memory:

Adrenal Cortex

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

Flow of Hormone Secretion

Negative Feedback

Easy Flow

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Regulation

Peak Level

Functions

Remember:

B. Anti-inflammatory Effect

C. Stress Response

Two. Mineralocorticoids

Regulation

Functions

Effects

Remember

Three. Androgens

Function

Effects

Excess Androgens

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Causes

Pathophysiology

Clinical Manifestations

Mood Changes

Skin

Muscles

Bones

D. Aldosterone-Like Effects (Salt and Water Retention)

Manifestations

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

E. Increased Androgens (Sex Hormones)

Diagnostic Test or Screening Test

Cushing Syndrome

Management

Two. Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing Disease)

Monitor

Prevent Injury

Skin Care

Infection Prevention

After Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy

Patient Education

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Definition

Causes

Two. Infection

Three. Iatrogenic (Treatment-Related)

Pathophysiology

Clinical Manifestations

B. decreased Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid

Manifestations

C. + Androgens (Sex Hormone Deficiency)

D. Hyperkalemia and Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation (Hallmark Sign)

Why?

IV Fluids

Long-Term Management

Nursing Management

Medication Administration

Stress Management

Prevent Addisonian Crisis

Patient Education

THYROID GLAND

Function:

Diet:

HYPOTHALAMIC AXIS

T three and T four

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Thyroid Hormone

Autoimmune

Other Causes

Diagnostic Test

TSH

Clinical Manifestations

Brain

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Gastrointestinal

Temperature

Muscles

Weight

Watch Out For (WOF)

Stress:

Signs and Symptoms

Management

Adverse Effect

Watch Out For

Beta-blockers

Propranolol

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Iodine Preparation

Lugol's Solution (Pre-op)

Health Teaching

Radioactive Iodine Therapy (RAI)

Route

Mechanism of Action

Watch Out For

Replacement Therapy

Contraindicated

Surgery

Nursing Considerations

Monitor Airway

Keep at bedside:

Position

Monitor for Laryngeal Nerve Damage

Monitor for Hypocalcemia Watch Out For

Problem

HYPOHYROIDISM

Brain

Vital Signs

Temperature

Muscle

Menstruation

Watch Out For (WOF)

Causes

Avoid or Limit Goitrogenic Foods

Others

Drugs

Levothyroxine (T four)

Liothyronine (T three)

Purpose

Adverse Effects (Overdose)

Best Taken

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Hormone

Cause

Effects

Calcium

Muscles

Gastrointestinal

Laboratory Finding

Drugs

Nursing Care

Surgery

MEDICAL SURGICAL BSN

Cause

Hypocalcemia

Keep at Bedside

Overview

An educational resource for nursing students covering essential topics in endocrinology, including hormone functions, secretion mechanisms, and key disorders. It also addresses management strategies for conditions associated with hormonal imbalances.

Key Points

1The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormone production and release
2Hormones like ACTH and ADH play critical roles in various physiological processes
3Disorders like SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus showcase the effects of hormonal imbalances
4Nursing management includes monitoring and intervention strategies for endocrine-related disorders.

Details

Authors: GIAMME G. MAGTANGOB RN'26
Category: Health and Medicine

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