Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS)

Summary

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a self-diagnostic scale that could distinguish smartphone addicts based on the Korean self-diagnostic program for Internet addiction (K-scale) and the smartphone's own features. In addition, the reliability and validity of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS) was demonstrated. Methods A total of 197 participants were selected from Nov. 2011 to Jan. 2012 to accomplish a set of questionnaires, including SAS, K-scale, modified Kimberly Young Internet addiction test (Y-scale), visual analogue scale (VAS), and substance dependence and abuse diagnosis of DSM-IV. There were 64 males and 133 females, with ages ranging from 18 to 53 years (M = 26.06; SD = 5.96). Factor analysis, internal-consistency test, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of SAS. Results Based on the factor analysis results, the subscale “disturbance of reality testing” was removed, and six factors were left. The internal consistency and concurrent validity of SAS were verified (Cronbach's alpha = 0.967). SAS and its subscales were significantly correlated with K-scale and Y-scale. The VAS of each factor also showed a significant correlation with each subscale. In addition, differences were found in the job (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), and self-reported smartphone addiction scores (p<0.001) in SAS. Conclusions This study developed the first scale of the smartphone addiction aspect of the diagnostic manual. This scale was proven to be relatively reliable and valid.

Related articles

• The Concept of Stress Adaptation

  This document explores the concept of stress adaptation, detailing definitions, physiological responses, and coping strategies related to stress as a biological response, environmental event, and transactional relationship.

• 3 Concepts of Psychobiology

  This chapter explores key concepts in psychobiology, focusing on the interplay of genetics, neuroendocrinology, psychoneuroimmunology, and psychopharmacology in understanding psychiatric disorders and their implications for nursing practice.

• Psychological Disorders and Specific Symptoms

  This document outlines various psychological disorders, including their symptoms, classifications, and characteristics, focusing particularly on dissociative and depressive disorders. It serves as an educational resource for understanding these mental health conditions.

• LAWRENCE KOHLBERG'S 6 STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

  This document outlines Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which posits that individuals progress through six stages of moral reasoning, categorized into three levels: preconventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Each stage illustrates how morality evolves from obedience to authority to adherence to universal ethical principles.

• Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

  This document explores Erik Erikson's theories on psychosocial development, especially the concept of identity crisis and the influence of social and historical factors on personality formation throughout the human lifespan.