Relative Citation Ratio (RCR): A New Metric That Uses Citation Rates to Measure Influence at the Article Level

Summary

Despite their recognized limitations, bibliometric assessments of scientific productivity have been widely adopted. We describe here an improved method to quantify the influence of a research article by making novel use of its co-citation network to field-normalize the number of citations it has received. Article citation rates are divided by an expected citation rate that is derived from performance of articles in the same field and benchmarked to a peer comparison group. The resulting Relative Citation Ratio is article level and field independent and provides an alternative to the invalid practice of using journal impact factors to identify influential papers. To illustrate one application of our method, we analyzed 88,835 articles published between 2003 and 2010 and found that the National Institutes of Health awardees who authored those papers occupy relatively stable positions of influence across all disciplines. We demonstrate that the values generated by this method strongly correlate with the opinions of subject matter experts in biomedical research and suggest that the same approach should be generally applicable to articles published in all areas of science. A beta version of iCite, our web tool for calculating Relative Citation Ratios of articles listed in PubMed, is available at https://icite.od.nih.gov/.

Key Points

• 1The Relative Citation Ratio improves upon traditional bibliometric metrics by normalizing citations through co-citation networks
• 2It provides a field-independent measure of article influence
• 3The metric correlates well with expert evaluations of research impact
• 4A web tool for calculating Relative Citation Ratios for PubMed articles is available
• 5The document discusses the limitations of existing metrics like journal impact factors and h-index.

Related articles

• Neonatal Disorders

  This document provides a comprehensive overview of neonatal disorders, including case scenarios and learning objectives targeted at third-year medical students. It outlines essential management plans and assessment procedures for common neonatal conditions.

• 13. Gross Anatomy: Muscles of the Hand

  This document outlines the anatomy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, detailing their compartments and clinical significance, particularly in relation to carpal tunnel syndrome and recurrent branch injuries.

• 12. Gross Anatomy: RA Upper Extremities

  This document outlines a detailed guide on gross anatomy focused on the upper extremities, covering the shoulder, humerus, elbow, forearm, and hand/wrist series with an emphasis on radiographic examination techniques and anatomical considerations.

• 11. Gross Anatomy: Compartments of the Forearm

  This document outlines the anatomy of the forearm, detailing the anterior and posterior compartments, including the muscles, their origins, insertions, innervation, and actions. It serves as a comprehensive guide for students studying gross anatomy.

• 10. Gross Anatomy: Bones and Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm

  This document outlines the anatomy of the shoulder and arm, including details on the muscles and bones, their origins, insertions, innervations, and primary actions. It provides learning objectives that aim to enhance students' understanding of arm anatomy.