Workplace Bullying and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis on Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data

Summary

Background A growing body of research has confirmed that workplace bullying is a source of distress and poor mental health. Here we summarize the cross-sectional and longitudinal literature on these associations. Methods Systematic review and meta-analyses on the relation between workplace bullying and mental health. Results The cross-sectional data (65 effect sizes, N = 115.783) showed positive associations between workplace bullying and symptoms of depression (r = .28, 95% CI = .23–.34), anxiety (r = .34, 95% CI = .29–.40) and stress-related psychological complaints (r = .37, 95% CI = .30–.44). Pooling the literature that investigated longitudinal relationships (26 effect sizes, N = 54.450) showed that workplace bullying was related to mental health complaints over time (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.13–0.21). Interestingly, baseline mental health problems were associated with subsequent exposure to workplace bullying (r = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.10–0.27; 11 effect sizes, N = 27.028). Limitations All data were self-reported, raising the possibility of reporting- and response set bias. Conclusions Workplace bullying is consistently, and in a bi-directional manner, associated with reduced mental health. This may call for intervention strategies against bullying at work.

Related articles

• SBRTC SINCE 2021: Sir Brian's Review and Tutorial Center Crop Science Face-to-Face Review Summary Notes

  This document serves as a comprehensive review guide for crop science, providing insights into agriculture, plant classification, and production statistics, particularly focused on the state of Philippine agriculture.

• Sister's Bikini is on The Pool Deck

  The document is a fictional narrative featuring a complex and intimate interaction between two siblings by a pool deck, centering around themes of nudity and sexual exploration.

• Storm Stayed

  This document contains explicit sexual content exploring a taboo relationship between siblings. The narrative focuses on their intimate encounters and experiences without any moral or ethical considerations.

• How to Be the Greatest Improviser on Earth

  This book offers insights and terminology for improvisational theater, focusing on techniques and approaches for performing improv effectively. It outlines foundational concepts and encourages readers to develop their skills in a comedic and present-minded way.

• There are moments when God calls a generation to come closer

  There are moments when God calls a generation to come closer. To silence the noise. To seek His face. To find clarity in His presence. On September 30th, we gather not just