Psychology

The Rewarding Aspects of Music Listening Are Related to Degree of Emotional Arousal

Valorie N. Salimpoor, Mitchel Benovoy, Gregory Longo, Jeremy R. Cooperstock, Robert J. Zatorre
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Summary

Background Listening to music is amongst the most rewarding experiences for humans. Music has no functional resemblance to other rewarding stimuli, and has no demonstrated biological value, yet individuals continue listening to music for pleasure. It has been suggested that the pleasurable aspects of music listening are related to a change in emotional arousal, although this link has not been directly investigated. In this study, using methods of high temporal sensitivity we investigated whether there is a systematic relationship between dynamic increases in pleasure states and physiological indicators of emotional arousal, including changes in heart rate, respiration, electrodermal activity, body temperature, and blood volume pulse. Methodology Twenty-six participants listened to self-selected intensely pleasurable music and “neutral” music that was individually selected for them based on low pleasure ratings they provided on other participants' music. The “chills” phenomenon was used to index intensely pleasurable responses to music. During music listening, continuous real-time recordings of subjective pleasure states and simultaneous recordings of sympathetic nervous system activity, an objective measure of emotional arousal, were obtained. Principal Findings https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007487#s3 revealed a strong positive correlation between ratings of pleasure and emotional arousal. Importantly, a dissociation was revealed as individuals who did not experience pleasure also showed no significant increases in emotional arousal. Conclusions/Significance These results have broader implications by demonstrating that strongly felt emotions could be rewarding in themselves in the absence of a physically tangible reward or a specific functional goal.

Key Points

  • 1Listening to music is identified as a rewarding human experience despite lacking biological value
  • 2A strong positive correlation between pleasure ratings and physiological indicators of emotional arousal was observed
  • 3Individuals who did not experience pleasure during music listening showed no significant increases in emotional arousal
  • 4The study employs real-time, objective measurements to explore the emotions evoked by music
  • 5Findings suggest emotional experiences from music can provide intrinsic rewards independent of tangible stimuli.

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